“圆寂僧录左街讲经兼赐弘仁开山掌秘密教禅牒大禅师塔铭”碑之考证
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(188, 211, 229); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> 在北京大觉寺北侧有一碑状塔铭,此碑到底为谁立的?碑主人的生卒、生平?谁立的石碑?秘密教是什么?</font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> 本论坛曾经讨论过此碑,我也<wbr>曾经搜索过,最权威的说法是大觉寺“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">大通法王智光</font>”大师灵塔碑,并且引经据典,确实研究很下工夫。但是本人对此持不同意见,提出来共同探讨。</font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> 本人主要根据此碑的碑文(子集难以辨认)和《敕建西竺寺重修记》碑文作出一下结论的(红字为碑文内容)。</font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div></span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646" face="simsun" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;"><b><br/></b></span></font><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(188, 211, 229); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, Arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "> 先了解一下什么是“秘密教”:明代皇帝非常迷恋“秘密教”,宪宗尤其迷恋藏传佛教中的“秘密教”,很多出家人“以秘密教得幸,并封法王”,“其次为西天佛子,授大国师、国师、禅师不可胜计”。所谓“秘密教”,据万历时人沈德符说,就是流行于元代宫廷的“演揲儿法”,即房中术,“至是番僧循用其教,以惑圣主”。武宗迷恋“秘密教”更甚,整日与藏僧混处狎昵于豹房中。</span></font></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(188, 211, 229); "><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> </font></b></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: simsun; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(188, 211, 229); "><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> 再说此碑:从碑额题字“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">圆寂僧录左街讲经兼赐弘仁开山掌秘密教禅牒大禅师塔铭</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”(注:那个权威的解释拉掉一个“赐”字)文字就可说明,此人是国家“僧禄司”公务员,官职是“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">左街讲经</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”;皇上赐于兼职是“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">弘仁开山,掌秘密教禅牒大禅师</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”。 说白了就是现在佛协负责讲经、印经并且对“秘密教”造诣较深的官员,同时兼着弘仁寺的掌门和印制佛教经典的出家人。</font></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> </font><wbr><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> </font><wbr><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">大师简历:法号“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">忍吉祥</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”(在京外籍出家人不少都有汉姓,在后加上吉祥两字,这在《敕建西竺寺重修记》中有记载,而且此碑中没有墓主人的俗名),“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">禅师系交南国</font><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">(笔者注:越南古称南国)</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">望族XX室哩XX,....忍吉祥其父母居北京,X申年七月初七,自幼非凡,甫七岁遂入能仁寺出家.....</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”,在任时“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">...西天字大般若经两部共该一千二百....装饰...</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”,其圆寂在“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">成化八年(1472年)X月初七XX坐化,寿五十有七</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”,葬于“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">癸巳(1473年)仲春</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”(智光大师生于至正八年(1348年),如是他那可是120多岁啊,碑文说其只有57岁)。其圆寂后的封号为“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">国融妙慧净觉弘济辅国X范术教历顶西天佛子广善大国师</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”(根据碑文此处不一定准确)。</font></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr>其圆寂后“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">上嗟悼,赐白金X两,遣中官X而荼毗日火X五色舍利</font>”。 <wbr></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr>碑文撰文:“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">讲经兼宝藏开山圆融显密宗师播扬 道深撰文</font>”</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr>书 <wbr> <wbr>丹:“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">帝敕旨赐习读书南吴 孙添济书丹</font>”</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr>篆 <wbr> <wbr>盖:“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">资善大夫正治上卿礼部尚书兼侍经筵古杭 邹幹篆盖</font>”</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr>后有赞文:<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">金天梵教 秘密正X 祖板的达 昔彼弘隆 亲得实受 大通法王 XXXX 曰忍吉祥 方期在世 遂尔示X 寿享春秋 五十有七 旸台山下 西竺之原 XXXX 立塔祗垣......</font></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> </font><wbr><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> </font><wbr><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> 落款:</font><font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">大明成化九年</font><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">(</font>1473年<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">)</font></font><font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">四月初八日 都刚哑而耶室哩衣钵阿难荅发得啰等立石</font></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; " size="3"><b><br/></b></font></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font color="#FF0000" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; "> <wbr> <wbr></font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> 碑文中赞词中虽有“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">大通法王</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”的称呼,但是并不是大觉寺的“大通法王智光”,智光时代还没有西竺寺,但是有塔,也有塔铭,但是塔铭是建安杨公和南阳李公所撰,而并非“道深”所撰。另外《敕建西竺寺重修记》碑记载“大通法王智光”是宣德十年(1435年)圆寂,而“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">忍吉祥</font>”<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">这位“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">大通法王</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”是1472年圆寂,早于“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">忍吉祥</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”37年圆寂。“智光”圆寂后为纪念他才敕建了西竺寺。所以此塔铭碑不会是“大通法王智光”的。</font></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> </font><wbr><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646"> </font><wbr><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">为何说其是“甘肃张掖弘仁寺开山”?张掖大佛寺建于晋,明代重修建时改名“弘仁寺”,很可能“</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">忍吉祥</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”被任命为弘仁寺开山。据张掖大佛寺记载:“明代张掖大佛寺在佛教经籍入藏方面,尤其展示出它日臻辉煌的景象。早在永乐年间大佛寺重建之后,便有珍贵的官版佛曲及少许姑苏坊刻本佛经入藏,明英宗正统五年 (公元1440年),专供颁赐各名山大寺之用的《大明三藏圣教北藏》刻版印刷于北京告成。随之,钦差</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">讲经兼赐宝藏开山圆融显密宗师道深</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">即至张掖,负责陆续运来佛经的移交、讲授及管理事宜,这部收经1621部、6361卷,分作636函的三藏圣典从正统六年陆续驮运至正统十年才全部运至张掖”。这里提到了</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><font style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">道深</font>开山宗师</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">,并且负责《大明三藏圣教北藏》的运送移交事物,应该和弘仁寺开山“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">忍吉祥</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”交往较深,所以“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">忍吉祥</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”圆寂后“</font><font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">讲经兼宝藏开山圆融显密宗师播扬 <wbr>道深撰文</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#464646">”纪念之。</font></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr>最后是“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">忍吉祥</font>”为何葬此?笔者认为:此处是西竺寺塔院,西竺寺本来就是外籍出家人为主的寺庙,“<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">忍吉祥</font>”本是南国人,又在北京供职,所以葬此也就顺理成章了。</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr> 此碑的价值:一是此碑是明代为一位外籍出家大师而立的塔铭碑;二是墓主人对中国秘密教贡献不小得到皇上宠幸;三是三位朝廷大员为其撰文、书丹和篆盖;四是进一步确定北京金山宝藏寺是西域人道深创建;五是说明西竺寺是以为外籍僧人为主的寺院;六是证明此处乃西竺寺塔院(<font color="#FF0000" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">大通法王 <wbr>曰忍吉祥 <wbr>西竺之原 立塔祗垣</font>)。</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> <wbr> 只是独家之言,而且否定了原来通常的说法。还望有识之人探讨。</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3">下回再说西竺寺遗址和《敕建西竺寺重修记》。</font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"> <wbr> </font></b></div><div style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-size: 15px; "><span style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, Arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><b><br/></b></span></div></span></div>[此贴子已经被作者于2011-10-26 9:20:35编辑过] <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>后面的灵塔:</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/><br/><br/></b></font></div> 2<div><br/><br/><br/><br/></div> <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>现在的墓碑和灵塔:</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/><br/></b></font></div> <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>碑首,额刻:</b></font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: simsun; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(188, 211, 229); "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font color="#FF0000" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 21px; ">圆寂僧录左街讲经兼赐弘仁开山掌秘密教禅牒大禅师塔铭</font></font></b></span><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/><br/></b></font></div>
[此贴子已经被作者于2011-10-26 9:09:39编辑过] <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>碑身(碑座没在地下了):</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/><br/></b></font></div> <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>碑首阴面:万世遗芳</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/><br/></b></font></div> <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>灵塔现状:</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/><br/><br/></b></font></div> 2<div><br/><br/><br/></div> <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>好了,还望大家探讨,终归一家之言,难免纰漏。</b></font> 灵塔里有骨灰吗? 这碑风化的可够厉害的 <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>应该有,不过早就被盗了。前几年还没见到盗洞,现在几乎是无塔不被盗。</b></font> <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b> 找到了大通法王智光的碑铭,进一步证明此碑绝对不是智光的:</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/></b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b> 此塔铭记载“<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">法王名智光字无隐,姓王氏,世家山东之庆云,宣德十年六月十三日归寂于大觉寺,预垒石为塔而栖焉.....</font>".</b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/></b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b> <br/></b></font></div>
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