乔萃 发表于 2009-6-30 14:37:00

万佛堂无缘妙相 孔水洞倾心花塔(下)

<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 18px">原文地址:<font face="Verdana"><a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e4f18cf0100dxjm.html">http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e4f18cf0100dxjm.html</a></font></font></strong></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 18px"></font></strong></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 18px">花塔</font></strong></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>万佛堂的左侧(面对万佛堂时的右手边)有一处高地,花塔就矗立在高地之缘,俯瞰万佛堂。塔边有单元楼,塔后有村居,村居之间有通往丘顶的山路。塔下即有一户人家,门对宝塔,相隔不过数米。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>辽代的遗塔总不让人失望。这座花塔虽然灰头土脸地苟活在世俗人类的包围下,但是她与生俱来的艺术光彩却仍然熠熠生辉。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>&nbsp;<wbr></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>北京地区现存的两座花塔,均位于西南方向郊区,一为房山孔水洞辽代花塔,一为丰台云岗金代镇岗塔,缁衣都慕名前去欣赏过了。花塔一般造型秀美,上部形似花朵的部分尤其精美,有不同于其他类别宝塔的独特美感。北京的这两座花塔造型相近,而又略有不同,时代印记明显,在此缁衣不妨尽己所见、所知、所闻稍加阐述和对比。言中必有不对之处,深望指正!</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><wbr></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=4e4f18cf0100dxjm&amp;url=http://static11.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/4e4f18cf46d3ccc28951a&amp;690" target="_blank"></a></span></p>
<p align="left">&nbsp;<wbr></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><strong>造型</strong></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>与镇岗塔一样,辽花塔下部为一层楼阁,上部为累叠多层佛龛。二者楼阁皆为四面开券门,四面置直棂窗,只不过镇岗塔略无装饰,而辽花塔却遍布浮雕。辽花塔较镇岗塔高大(资料显示前者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>28</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>米,后者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>米),佛龛下面还比镇岗塔多出一层平座。<span style="COLOR: red">“花”形部分,镇岗塔上部收分曲线弧度大,轮廓圆润,秀雅之气十足;辽花塔收分曲线平缓,呈杵状,秀丽之中又含刚硬之气。</span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?>&nbsp;<wbr></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?><span style="COLOR: red"><font color="#000000"><strong>斗拱</strong></font></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>斗拱常常可以作为木质建筑时代判别的标准,仿造木建筑形式建造的砖塔,其斗拱也具有不同的时代风格。辽承唐风,辽代建筑的斗拱仍然雄大,辽代的塔也反映出这种特点。辽花塔的斗拱与天宁寺塔、昊天塔的斗拱都十分宽大,简单不复杂。金代建筑的斗拱较之前朝已变得精细,繁复细致的感觉渐渐加强,处于向明清斗拱纤细风格转变的过渡过程。镇岗塔反映出了这种特点。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?>&nbsp;<wbr></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>佛龛</span></strong></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>论佛龛,二塔亦有不同。辽花塔佛龛布局严谨,上下两层交错,隔层遥想对应,堪称一幅整齐的“八阵图”;而镇岗塔的佛龛布局稀疏,虽也是交错对应的排布,却看似杂乱、章法暗藏。镇岗塔的佛龛简洁明了,朴素的楼阁形状,其中或设坐佛,或设花团;但辽花塔却有千秋,它的每座佛龛下面都出一兽首,狮子狻猊模样的猛兽居多,偶尔还有大象,第一层以上龛内基本都有佛像。<span style="COLOR: red">辽花塔的这种设计虽然在远看时不易甄别,但在近看时却极有风味:一颗颗虎头虎脑的兽头昂然探出,仿佛在眺望空中的日月星辰,大象则低眉沉首,如同在做慈悲的祷告。</span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?><span style="COLOR: red"><font color="#000000">辽花塔的佛龛有八层,除最上一层为八座外,其余各层分别有十六座,一共是一百二十座佛龛;</font></span></span>镇岗塔为七层,一百零四座佛龛。一座佛龛代表了一个世界,重重叠叠的佛龛表现了佛教里的大千世界。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?>&nbsp;<wbr></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=4e4f18cf0100dxjm&amp;url=http://static4.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/4e4f18cf46d3cd9236aa3&amp;690" target="_blank"></a>&nbsp;<wbr> <a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=4e4f18cf0100dxjm&amp;url=http://static7.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/4e4f18cf46d3cda1d66a6&amp;690" target="_blank"></a></span></p>
<p align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font face="Times new=" color="#000000" New? Roman?><strong>浮雕</strong></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>辽花塔的佛教浮雕艺术值得细细欣赏。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>万佛堂的唐代石雕法会图不得一见,花塔上的砖雕算是很好的补偿。<span style="COLOR: red">从内容上看,塔上的佛教雕塑,很可能就是模拟万佛法会图而设计,至少而且肯定有借鉴。</span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>它的一面券门洞开,露出虚的空间来,大概想营造深邃的感觉。门正上端坐的想必是释迦牟尼,只见他头戴高大的宝冠,表情庄重,双手不合掌却抱拳,座下乃极大瓣的莲花。它的周围,有四位侧坐的侍者,手中皆举宝瓶净盘之属。以下即门侧有两胁侍,两金刚。</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>券门以下平座的栏杆上,有两块我很喜欢的神兽雕刻,左为双龙,右为双狮,都一俯一仰作争斗状。俯者傲气十足似乎严阵以待,仰者蓄势待发仿佛随时可能腾跃而起。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>左侧相邻的一面,为骑象的普贤菩萨和两侍者,白象向佛祖方向行走;右侧相邻的一面,对应的为骑狮的文殊菩萨与两侍者,狮子向佛祖方向行走。这种布局不知可否作为此组浮雕模仿法会图的证据之一?</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>其他诸面,都有不同的浮雕,看起来都在表现着什么故事。最特别是与洞开券门的相背的一面,这里有一扇门半开着,站着一个妇女装束的人,头已经残了。大概这就是所谓的“妇人启门”,我第一次亲见。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>斗拱、塔座之间的雕塑就更加变化多端,有壮硕的驼塔力士,有飘逸的调乐飞天,不一而足。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?>&nbsp;<wbr></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" align="center" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=4e4f18cf0100dxjm&amp;url=http://static3.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/4e4f18cf46d3ceb7f9b32&amp;690" target="_blank"></a></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" align="center" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" align="center" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><wbr></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" align="center" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><wbr></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>出来得晚,虽然夏天的白天很长,但也担心回去错过公交,拍够了照片,缁衣不得不慌忙返程。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?>一路上,辽代花塔的倩影光辉还在脑中时隐时现。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" new? roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times new="new" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt?></span>&nbsp;</p>

乔萃 发表于 2009-6-30 14:43:00

<p>辽代花塔</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>镇岗塔</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>以及辽花塔雕塑艺术</p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443198817.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443185751.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443165927.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443111496.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443184790.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443118071.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2009-6/20096301443142104.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>

析津志 发表于 2009-6-30 16:12:00

很喜欢那里.
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