明代北京人四时节令都吃些什么?之一
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">明代北京宫廷四季时令饮食风俗,大吃大嚼记之一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">明代有个文化颇高的太监刘若愚,生于万历十二年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1584</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年),在万历二十九年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1601</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">岁时当了太监,曾任抄写文件的写字奉御。其实在明代,只有四司八局十二监的长官才叫太监,例如惜薪司、织染局、司礼监。其他宦官的职衔分别叫奉御、奉侍、牌子等等,太监只是后人对宦官的泛称。刘若愚历经万历、泰昌、天启、崇祯四朝,在《明史》的《宦官列传》里有他的传记,他于崇祯十一年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1638</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">55</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">岁时将宫廷见闻写成一部《酌中志》,这部书在清初曾经流行,康熙皇帝读过此书。《酌中志》有一个章节叫《饮食好尚记略》,记载了明代宫廷一年四季</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">个月各节令的饮食和风俗活动,读来颇有趣味。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="2" day="7" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正月初一日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,五更起,焚香、放纸炮(纸卷的炮仗),将门闩或顶门杠抛掷三次,称为“跌千金”。饮“椒柏酒”,吃“水点心”,即水饺,还要在一两个饺子里包入银钱,谁吃到,谁就一年大吉。还有“百事大吉盒”,内装柿饼、荔枝、龙眼、栗子、枣。还有小盒内装驴头肉,称为“嚼鬼”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">立春之日,无论贵贱,都吃罗卜,称为“咬春”,互相宴请,吃“春饼和菜”。“和”,此处读“货”,“搅和”的“和”,“和面”的“和”,即各种菜搀和在一起卷入春饼。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">过年期间,人们头上戴花,有一种特殊培育的小葫芦,只有豌豆那么小,叫“草里金”,一对要卖二三两银子,也是做头饰用的。“葫芦”谐音“福禄”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="2" day="15" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正月初九日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">开始,逛灯市买花灯,开始吃元宵,元宵制法是:糯米细面做皮,核桃仁白糖做馅,洒水滚成,如核桃大,即江南所称汤圆,听起来和现在完全一样。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">此处说明,旧历提到初一至初十,一律叫“初一日、初十日”,那个“日”字必不可少。斋主发表在报纸的文章,提到“几月初几日”时,编辑往往要将“日”字删去,即没文化又盲目自以为是。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="2" day="21" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正月十五日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">叫上元,也叫元宵,十六日灯市口的灯市达到高潮,沿街酒楼爆满,贵族官员及女眷都登楼宴会观灯,这时流行的食品有:冬笋、银鱼、鸽蛋、麻辣活兔,塞外的黄鼠、半翅鶡鸡,江南的汨罗柑、凤尾橘、漳州橘、橄榄、小金橘、风菱(风干菱角)、脆藕,西山的苹果、软籽石榴,水下活虾之类不可胜计。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">本地出产的有烧鹅、烧鸡、烧鸭、烧猪肉,冷片羊尾、爆炒羊肚、猪灌肠、大小套肠、带油腰子、羊霜肠、爆腌鹅、炸鱼、炸铁脚雀、卤煮鹌鹑(卤煮的祖宗原来在这里)、鸡醢汤(“醢”读“海”,肉酱也。刘邦曾将彭越处死,做成肉酱赏给英布吃,英布一看害了怕,就起兵造反了)、米烂汤、八宝攒汤。猪肉包子、羊肉包子、枣泥卷、糊油蒸饼、乳饼、奶皮。烩羊头、糟腌猪蹄猪尾口条耳朵鸡爪鸡肫(“鸡肫”读“鸡谆”,不是“鸡真”)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">素菜有云南鸡枞、五台天花羊肚菜、鸡腿银盘等蘑菇。东海石花海白菜、龙须、海带、鹿角、紫菜。江南乌笋、糟笋。辽东的松子。蓟北的黄花、金针。北京的山药、土豆。南京的苔菜。武当的鹰嘴笋、黄精、黑精。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">北山的榛、栗、梨、枣、核桃、芽木兰、芽蕨菜、蔓菁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">茶叶有六安松萝、天池,绍兴岕茶、虎丘茶等等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如果下雪,就在暖室里赏梅,吃炙羊肉、羊肉包子,喝浑酒、牛乳。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">天启皇帝最爱吃炙蛤蜊、炒鲜虾、田鸡腿、笋鸡脯,还有用海参、鳆鱼、鲨鱼筋、肥鸡和猪蹄筋一锅烩。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="2" day="25" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正月十九日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">叫“燕九”,大家都去白云观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="2" day="25" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正月十九日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,宫里的花灯要撤除。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="3" day="2" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正月二十五日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">叫“填仓”,“亦醉饱酒肉之期也”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这才吃到正月,已经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多字了,斋主打字也累了,还喜欢看的朋友请等等,喝个水,吸个烟去也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p>明代北京人四时节令都吃些什么?之三
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《明代大吃大嚼之三》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="5" day="8" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">四月初四日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,宫眷内臣(太监宫女)换穿纱衣,皇帝钦赐京官扇子。牡丹花开过,就要设酒席观赏芍药。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="5" day="12" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">四月初八日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,吃“不落夹”,用苇叶包糯米,长三四寸,宽一寸,味道和粽子差不多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">四月品尝樱桃,樱桃是北京最早成熟上市的水果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">四月还要吃笋鸡,白煮猪肉,说是“冬不白煮夏不熬”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">肥肉和姜蒜剁成豆粒大小,拌入米饭,用莴笋叶子卷者吃,叫作“包儿饭”。(斋主插话,北京人炒莴笋,一般不要叶子,试试“包儿饭”倒是不错,不过没人拌肥肉,拌些香肠丁、蘑菇丁还可以)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">四月是进香月,都去西山、香山、碧云寺、西直门外高梁桥、涿州娘娘、马驹桥娘娘、西顶娘娘那里去进香。<chsdate year="2008" month="4" day="28" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate>四月二十八日<chsdate></chsdate>去药王庙进香。吃的是白酒、冰水酪。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">用未成熟的青色麦粒,在碾子上碾成扁片,叫作“碾转”,是一年里最先吃到的粮食。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="6" day="4" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">五月初一日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">到十三日止,宫眷内臣穿五毒艾虎补子的蟒衣,门两旁安放菖蒲、艾盆,门上悬挂吊屏,画着天师、仙子、仙女执剑降服五毒故事。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="6" day="8" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">五月初五日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">午时,饮雄黄、朱砂、菖蒲酒,吃粽子,吃加蒜的过水面。赏石榴花,佩戴艾叶,画治病符。明代著名书画家徐渭嘉靖年间到过北京,(好像齐白石说过“愿做青藤门下走狗”,青藤就是徐渭)。他有一首咏北京石榴花的诗篇:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《燕京五月歌》</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">石榴花发街欲焚,蟠枝屈朵皆崩云。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">千门万户买不尽,剩将儿女染红裙。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">您瞧瞧,石榴裙是由这里来的。至今,石榴还是北京人家常见的花木。又有花,又有果,又能多子,吉利。石榴以前又叫“海榴”,这个“海”字,相当于“洋葱”的“洋”字,海洋嘛,海外传来的。听说是波斯那边传来的。四川将辣椒称为“海椒”,也是这个意思。海椒原产海外的美洲,世界上最不怕辣的地方不是四川、湖南,而是美洲的墨西哥,那里的冰淇淋都有辣味的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这一天皇帝去西苑(北海中海南海),斗龙舟、划船,去万岁山(清代改称景山)插柳,看御马监勇士表演马术(御马监在今景山东街的沙滩后街)。天启皇帝曾在西苑三海划船落水,受凉受惊一病不起,作到头了。当时淹死的两个小太监,封为河神,供在西苑的河神庙里。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">夏至时节,头戴蓖麻叶,吃长命菜,即马齿苋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="7" day="8" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">六月初六日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,皇史宬、古今通集库、銮驾库都要晾晒东西。吃过水面,嚼“银苗菜”,就是嫩的藕芽。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">数伏那天造麴,用白面、绿豆加料和成,晾晒麴坯。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">立秋那天,头戴楸树叶,吃莲蓬、藕。晒伏姜,赏茉莉、栀子、兰芙蓉等花。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">天启皇帝喜欢鲜莲子汤,爱吃盐炒西瓜籽。现在卖黑瓜子的贩子可以起个商标叫“天启牌”宫廷秘制瓜子。不是连“牛二”二锅头都成了宫廷御酒了吗?王刚老师整天在电视里穿着龙袍喝“牛二”。黑瓜子和宫廷的私交远远胜过“牛二”呀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="8" day="7" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">七月初七日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是七夕节,宫眷穿鹊桥补子,宫里设乞巧山子(明代假山叫作山子,比如北海琼华岛的山头,覆盖着金朝从北宋故都开封运来的太湖石,明代称为“大山子”,就是大假山。国人造假成癖)。兵仗局伺候乞巧针(针也算兵器?)。“乞巧”就是在月光下比赛穿针引线的速度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="7" day="15" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">七月十五日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是中元节,甜食房制作供佛的菠萝蜜,西苑做法事,放河灯。北京各庙办盂兰盆会,有水的地方放河灯。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">七月吃鲥鱼,赏桂花,斗蛐蛐,一只好的蛐蛐价值十余两银子。现在的鲥鱼比恐龙都稀罕,听说在上海,一条鲥鱼成千上万元。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">八月,宫里赏秋海棠、玉簪花。<chsdate year="2008" month="8" day="31" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate>八月初一日起<chsdate></chsdate>,市上开始卖月饼(现在五月卖完粽子就直接吆喝月饼,还有陈年老馅的),人们互送月饼、西瓜、藕。西苑开始“踩藕”,脚在淤泥里踩,踩到就挖藕,踩不到就挖不成。(斋主插话:小时候看见人们在后海踩蛤蜊,也是先踩后摸,那个蛤蜊足有半尺多长,够炒一盘的)。十五日晚,家家上供月饼、瓜果,月亮升起,焚香拜月,然后开始大吃大喝,直到半夜。如果剩下月饼,收藏在干燥风凉之处,除夕夜全家吃,叫“团圆饼”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中秋蟹肥,宫眷内臣吃蟹,洗净蒸熟,五六人成群共食,还要“嘻嘻笑笑”。揭开螃蟹盖,用长指甲剔肉(恶心啊),蘸醋蒜以佐酒。能够剔肉之后留下胸骨八个格子完整如同蝴蝶状的,称为巧手。食毕,饮苏叶汤,用苏叶洗手。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 明代太监多喜好花木,在庭院摆设多盆,还有金鱼缸,缸里有许多小盆的水草。八月收获红白软籽大石榴,大玛瑙葡萄,将成串的葡萄悬挂在大缸里,缸底少许水,封口,可以保鲜到次年正月。您瞧瞧,老北京所谓“天棚、鱼缸、石榴树”,明代都已经有了。</span> <p><font face="宋体" size="5">卤煮鹌鹑(卤煮的祖宗原来在这里)</font></p><p><font face="宋体" size="5">这跟现在的卤煮可不一档子事,这应该就是卤水鹌鹑,类似现在咱们吃的卤水乳鸽</font></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">天启皇帝最爱吃炙蛤蜊、炒鲜虾、田鸡腿、笋鸡脯,还有用海参、鳆鱼、鲨鱼筋、肥鸡和猪蹄筋一锅烩。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">木匠皇帝口味很接近现代人.炙蛤蜊就跟现在烤扇贝,烤蚝差不多吧.用海参、鳆鱼、鲨鱼筋、肥鸡和猪蹄筋一锅烩。这不就是佛跳墙的意思吗?海鲜大杂烩.</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">除了最后这个大杂烩,其他都是按酒,看来是爱喝两口的主儿.可惜当时没啤酒.</span></p><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/200892611481651694.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><br/> 您家这24史干吗不搁一柜子里,哪都放点.您这书柜顶,就是一郑和到过的非洲,狮子,犀牛,大象,还有瓷器老盘子兄帖子跟得真快,还有纸扇兄校徽
老盘子兄帖子跟得真快,鲨鱼筋八成就是鱼翅吧?对了,您这本《酌中志》怎么和咱家的一样呢?赶紧看看书柜,少了一本没有?还有,纸扇兄的校徽上的也够及时的,我们家老斋主是辅仁高中部出来的,说是当年看宿舍的黑袍洋教士可厉害了,晚上10点以后,谁也不准出气儿。<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/200892613353015122.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> 楼上两位有学问! 好贴!汇报老盘子兄,如此这般啊
<p>汇报老盘子兄,是这样的,人家是“汗牛充栋”,咱们是“汗犀牛充栋”。仿犀樽,80元买的,倒是个铜疙瘩,卖铜也赔不了。红木狮子,印尼买的,死沉,曾经砸破了一位女士的脚。柚木小象,泰国的,也不值几个铢。还有老式电话机,公司里缶来的(“缶”字跟您学的),我瞅着往后这电话机不多了,起了歹意。就是那罐子,姥姥当年陪嫁的,至少够70年,有人说是道光年间的,我瞅着不怎么像,但是70年的玩意也算个玩意吧。</p><p>书呢,我重点看辽金元明清的,因为这五朝国都(包括辽陪都)都在北京,我只写老北京,长安洛阳虽然更老,但是与我这北京写字的没关系。都招了也。正在接着写二月三月大吃大嚼呢。一会儿发。</p>明代北京人四时节令都吃些什么?之二
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《明代大吃大嚼之二》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="3" day="9" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二月初二日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,各家用黍面枣糕,以油煎之,或白面和稀,摊为煎饼,名为“薰虫”。是月也,分菊花、牡丹,凡花木窖藏者,开隙放风。清明之前,收藏貂皮、风领(围脖?)、狐狸等皮衣。(斋主插话,有皮袄的都注意了,明代秘方,收藏皮袄的最佳时机)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">食河豚,饮芦芽汤,以解其热。(吃河豚要配着芦芽汤,这个秘方可别给日本鬼子盗取了)。各家煮过夏之酒。此时吃鮓,名曰“桃花鮓”。“鮓”,读“眨”,红曲腌鱼。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">苏东坡也是个资深老食客,有诗云:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“竹外桃花三两枝,春江水暖鸭先知。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">满地蒌蒿芦芽短,正是河豚欲上时”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">您瞧瞧,桃花、芦芽、河豚,此一段里都有了,多妙呀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这里的“各家”,指太监小集团,一个有头有脸的太监,有属下,有徒弟,有碎催,有管家,这算是一家,可都是缺零件的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="4" day="9" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">三月初四日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,宫眷内臣(宫女太监)换穿罗衣(真丝的确凉)。清明,则“鞦韆节”,坤宁宫及各宫皆安鞦韆一架。(斋主插话,“秋千”旧称“鞦韆”,和秋季没有关系。您看这是春天玩的。“鞦韆”,二字都是“革”字旁,是皮条做的绳子,本意是马具,比如马鞍后面的绳子在农村叫“后鞦”)。现在故宫翊坤宮还有当年婉容拴鞦韆用过的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">个铁环,改天开侃这段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">三月宫里要为夏天做准备,铜缸洗刷换水,地沟疏通,殿顶排水天沟要抹灰防漏,太监住的庭院用苇箔搭建凉棚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">皇帝要去回龙观赏梅。花窖里的花木都要出窖。富贵人家赏牡丹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate year="2008" month="3" day="28" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" wst="on"></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">三月二十八日</span><chsdate></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,东岳庙进香。吃烧笋鹅,凉饼,糯米面蒸熟,加糖、碎芝麻,即糍粑。还吃公猪的腰子,说是补虚。一对大个腰子值银子五六分(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">分为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">钱,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">钱为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">两)。《儒林外史》说,一个戏子的老婆,每天吃三分银子的中药,就已经很败家了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">不要被电视剧误导,以为古人都是大把地花银子。《国朝宫史》记载康熙皇帝训话,一个八旗兵月入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">两银子,又要养家,又要置办兵器、帐篷,又要置办衣甲,敢情八旗兵出征都是自费的呀,当兵容易吗?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p> 您接着写,写完我请教您点问题,写完我把以前加在前面的跟贴和这个贴删了要不此贴有点乱明代北京人四时节令都吃些什么?之四
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《明代大吃大嚼之四》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">九月,宫里御前摆放菊花。自初一日起,吃花糕。初四日宫眷内臣换穿罗衣(天气渐凉,又换回来了)。初九日重阳节,皇帝登万岁山(清代改称景山),或登兔儿山(现在的西安门里图样山胡同一带),吃迎霜麻辣兔,饮菊花酒。此月,制做糟瓜茄,腌菜,糊窗户纸,抖晒皮衣,制做寒衣,准备过冬。(令人想起《诗经。豳风。七月》说的,“七月流火,九月授衣,无衣无褐,何以卒岁”,七月,夜空南方的大火星逐渐向西方流动,预示着天气逐渐转凉,九月就要预备寒衣了。没有保暖的寒衣,怎么能熬到年底呢?古历正月就开春,熬到年底就好办了)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="29" month="10" year="2008"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十月初一日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,颁历。(斋主插话:古代颁历是国家大典,皇帝在正殿(清代叫太和殿,明代叫奉天殿和皇极殿)举行大朝会,颁发明年的皇历,各地接到皇历正本,再大量翻印出售。地方政权及境外附属国都要使用皇历,称为“奉正朔”,不然就是谋反。事实上谋反的集团都要改历改元,意味着不服朝廷管辖了。民国初期,为了消除皇权色彩,皇宫改称故宫,皇历改称黄历,皇城根改称黄城根,现在又恢复了皇城根的名称,因为国朝现在不怕皇帝,只怵美帝。清代的皇历由洋鬼子编纂,在北京哪里编纂的,改天再开侃)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">初四日,宫眷内臣(宫女太监)换穿紵絲衣服。吃羊肉、爆羊肚(爆肚张?)、麻辣兔(谁说四川才有麻辣?明代北京经常麻辣),“虎眼”等各样细糖。“虎眼”现在还有,就是饴糖(关东糖)加工成细丝状,盘成螺蛳转模样,直径约有一寸,圆形。一咬就掉渣的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十月,平时摆放的石榴树等等都要连盆入窖保存。开始吃牛乳、乳饼、奶皮、奶窝、酥糕、鲍螺,直至明年春二月方止。(斋主插话,有人说,明代北京继承很多元代元大都的衣食习惯,吃这些奶制品八成就是)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十月开始打猎,放鹰走狗,斗鸡。内臣(太监)贪婪成俗,性好赌博,重金买好鸡,雇用养鸡师傅,夜里还要给鸡加餐。斗鸡在晚间,数啄中对方多少口,啄中多者为胜,多的有三四百口。这好像拳击的计点啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十月太监住室开始烧地炕(谁说烧地炕是清代从关外传来的?现在故宫的地炕出气孔和小烟囱注意过吗?改天开侃这个)。夜长,太监们都不闲着,三五成群,饮酒赌博,玩纸牌、耍骨牌、下棋、打双陆,闹到三更才睡。聊天都是“俚鄙不堪之事”,喝高了就打架骂人,祖宗八代互相大骂,可是过后磕几个头,流几滴眼泪,又会和好。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">太监里有修善念佛的,不吃荤腥,就会罗列果品,饮茶久坐。也有少数喜欢读书写字的,不馋和吃喝赌博。《酌中志》作者刘若愚自己就是这样的人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">天启年间的太监,更为奢侈争胜,使用的桌椅、床柜、轿子、马鞍、碗盘器具以及棺材不惮工费,务求华丽。私人坟墓、寺庙、庄园也要宏大壮丽(碧云寺金刚宝座塔位置,就是魏忠贤的墓地,还有石人石马,前几年出土的)。万历、天启年间,流行笨重的雕花大床,需要十几个人才能搬动。太监们爱吃“挽口”即雌性牛驴的阴部,还吃“挽手”即雄性牛驴的阳具。还爱吃羊的睾丸。白马的睾丸最为珍贵,叫作“龙卵”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/200892714554663470.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>明代北京人四时节令都吃些什么?之五
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《《明代大吃大嚼之五》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十一月,传令百官可以戴“暖耳”。现在冬季街上妹妹们也有戴暖耳的,形状好像耳机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">冬至那天,宫眷内臣都穿“阳生补子”的蟒衣。室内挂“绵羊太子”的画。冬至是冬季的中期,这天日夜时间平均,过了这天,白天逐渐延长,大约每天白天延长一分钟。有道是“冬天来了,春天还会远吗”?所以古籍有云“冬至一阳生”,绵羊象征“阳”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">司礼监刷印(古代将“印刷”称为“刷印”,因为先在版上刷墨,然后才能印纸)“九九消寒诗图”,共有九首诗,每一首四句。比如“一九初寒才是冬”,“日月星辰不住忙”。刘若愚说这些诗句俚俗不堪,也不是皇帝御制,不知为何一直流传,无人敢改。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十一月吃糟腌猪蹄猪尾,鹅脆掌,羊肉包子,扁食(饺子),馄饨,每天早餐喝辣汤,饮浑酒以御寒。(浑酒大约是类似陕西稠酒的玉米面稀粥状的酒,可以加热喝)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十一月南方的冬笋到了北京,“不惜重价买之”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">十二月,初一日起,家家买猪,腌肉,吃灌肠,吃油渣卤煮猪头,烩羊头,爆炒羊肚,炸铁脚雀,清蒸牛白,酒糟蚶,糟蟹,炸银鱼,醋溜鲫鱼鲤鱼。皇帝钦赏杂果粥米煮腊八粥。做法是腊八前几天,先将红枣捶破泡汤,腊八早上,加入粳米、白果、核桃仁、栗子、菱米煮,腊八粥先供佛,窗台、树下、井台、灶台都要摆粥,然后人吃。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这个月,皇家的暖洞要让牡丹等等开花。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二十四日祭灶(现在好像是二十三日祭灶),蒸点心(点心好像是馒头吧),狂买绸缎制做新衣,以示豪富。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二十四日至明年正月十七日,乾清宫前,每天白天都放花炮,遇到大风暂停一天半天。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三十日,守岁(熬夜)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">本章最后刘若愚补充说,宫女最喜欢善于烹调的太监,和他们结为“菜户”,就是假的夫妻。(斋主插话:这下今天我才悟到,为何叫“菜户”,善于做菜的太监啊。真是开卷有益,今天顿悟了。以前竟然有文章说过,北京菜户营这个地名,是菜户居住的地方,真敢胡编。菜户营是明代皇家菜园,那个菜户是种菜专业户,不须去服别的劳役,和宫女的菜户不是一回事)。魏忠贤是客氏宫女的菜户,联想到万历时期,客氏是泰昌帝的儿子天启的保姆,魏忠贤是天启母亲的炊事班长,魏忠贤也是凭着厨艺才能当上客氏的菜户呀。这个发现是咱今天顿悟的,老北京网的朋友第一时间看到了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有地位的宫女,不吃大食堂的饭,采购烹调都交给菜户办理。有的阔宫女,还雇用善于烹调的穷太监在小厨房做菜,技术高的每月能得几两银子。阔宫女吃的米饭,大米事先都要挑拣,半粒的都不要。采购“香油、甜酱、豆豉、酱油、醋,一应杂料,俱不惜重价自外置办入也”。生病吃药时也不忌口,照样大吃厚味。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">明代一年十二个月都吃完了。内容主要是说太监、宫女、皇帝的生活,但是“上有所好,下必甚焉”。这些人在宫里大吃许多年,势必影响到北京人,至少能影响官员贵族们。比如“酱油、香油、爆炒羊肚、麻辣、石榴、豆豉、醋溜”等等这些词汇,一直沿用至今,还是比较有趣的。是吧?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/200892716513079537.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>辣椒石榴为何又叫“海椒”、“海榴”?
看看《明代北京人都吃些什么》的五月那段就知道了。 原来只有领导才能叫太监!别人还不够格.回复:(老盘子)“包儿饭”在这里哪
咱家书柜里的《酌中志》现在不是在您的手里吗?《酌中志》180页,“四月”条目下,右起第三行最后一个字:“包儿饭”。就是莴笋叶子包裹肉丁拌饭。现在的莴笋叶子改头换面,叫作“油麦菜”,卖的比他爹莴笋还要贵,哼哼,脱了马甲咱们也认识他。看样子,您老预谋包一次呀?这一大早的,不要再拿“葱爆羊肉”谗人啦,拜托,再拜,羲之顿首,快雪时晴啊。 <p>中央文革领导小组的组长.说啥是啥.另外请教斋主关于饭包儿,的明代记载在哪能查到?</p>回复七上八下龙,“只有领导才能叫太监”!正是的
<p> 太监的“太”,和太师、太尉的“太”一样,都是“大”的意思,就是一个部门的最高领导。泰山以前叫“太山”,史记写为“大山”。就像新兵见了老兵都叫“班长”,其实他不是。因此见了宦官都叫“太监”,是一种谀称,奉承。</p><p> 明代尊称太监为“老爹”,北京著名的老爹是“三保老爹”,他住的胡同叫“三保老爹胡同”,就是现在的“三不老胡同”,他叫郑和。郑和是内官监的太监,他在恭俭胡同上班。以前叫内官监胡同。</p><p> 清代尊称太监为“公公”,北京著名的公公是李连英,他住的胡同叫“黄化门街”。皇城之内、紫禁城之外,明代都是四司八局十二监合称“二十四衙门”的地盘,其中只有“浣衣局”在德胜门内。</p><p> 《明史。职官志。宦官》讲述:宦官,十二监,每监各太监一员,正四品。左右少监各一员,从四品。左右监丞各一员,正五品。典簿一员,正六品。长随、奉御无定员,从六品。此洪武旧制也。《酌中志》作者刘若愚是奉御,是从六品。</p><p> 司礼监,提督太监一员,掌印太监一员,还有秉笔太监、随堂太监、书籍名画等库的掌司、内书堂的掌司、六科廊的掌司和典簿无定员。魏忠贤是司礼监的秉笔太监,但是他不识字,官职并不最大,但是能大权独揽。就像蓝苹官不是最大,搅和能量可不小。</p><p></p>
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