北海旧影
<p>一组北海的照片，不知拍摄那年，如有知道的清告诉一下，谢谢了。（为什么我只能一张一张的发？晕）</p><p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249271336254.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249315426545.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/2008724936458321.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249381292368.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249422071163.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249425270405.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249451299506.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249455020421.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249461855890.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249465858967.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249472323228.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249474928727.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249481365372.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249484379989.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249513220035.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <p>终于发完，谢谢大家欣赏！</p><p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249541185507.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p> <p>不错不错！</p><p>应该都是某私人影集里的吧，前几张估计就是1900右几年拍的。</p><p>很多私人影集里自己拍着玩儿的照片会有很多有意思的视角。</p> 这组片子不错,收藏了.一张一张发挺好. <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>jnxu</i>在2008-7-24 11:02:04的发言：</b><br/><p>不错不错！</p><p>应该都是某私人影集里的吧，前几张估计就是1900右几年拍的。</p><p>很多私人影集里自己拍着玩儿的照片会有很多有意思的视角。</p></div><p></p>看来是出自不同的影集，最后几张像民国。 感谢发图,那张渡船的背景里楼可能是万佛楼? 我觉得私人影集里的老照片更珍贵. <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>disonche</i>在2008-7-24 9:45:28的发言：</b><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-7/20087249451299506.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></div><p></p>讚，阐福寺大殿尚存，还能看见五龙亭后的牌楼夹杆石 北海，呵呵，一个我这辈子都还没有去过的地方…… 美图 <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">北海大桥，桥上有墙</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">注意09号北海大桥北侧是石栏，南侧是高墙。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">欲知其详，请听分解：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">金鳌玉蝀桥上</span><font face="Times New Roman"></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">曾有一道高墙</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">■<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">陆 元</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 一幅摄于１９２２年的老照片，记录了北海金鳌玉蝀桥的旧貌。这幅老照片显示，当时的桥面南侧，矗立有一道高大的砖墙。原来，这道高墙是１９１２年袁世凯将中南海据为总统府时砌筑的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 北京的北海公园景区，在辽代即为皇家园林。金代大定十九年（１１７９年），金世宗以琼华岛为中心营建行宫，命名为“大宁宫”，并将环岛湖泊命名为“太液池”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 至元四年（１２６７年）营建元大都城时，皇宫就建在太液池两岸。皇宫落成前，元世祖忽必烈曾住在琼华岛山頂上的广寒殿。今日北海公园的团城，在元代是太液池中的孤岛，北面有石桥通往琼华岛，东面有二十二尺阔的木桥通往大内，“西为木吊桥，长四百七十尺，阔如东桥。中缺之（留有缺口），立柱，架梁于二舟，以当其空。至车驾行幸上都（今内蒙古正蓝旗闪电河畔上都镇），留守官则移舟断桥，以禁往来。”见元末陶宗仪《南村辍耕录》。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 明代，向南扩展了太液池，环池皆为皇家西苑，团城已是“砖砌如城墙，亦有雉堞”的砖城，西面的木桥改为石桥，“通东西往来者，曰玉河桥。有坊二，曰金鳌，曰玉蝀……桥之中空约丈余，以木枋代石，亦用木栏杆。”见明末刘若愚《酌中志》。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 明代的金鳌玉蝀桥仍沿用元代时中间断开、设置吊桥的形式。桥西端的牌坊，题为“金鳌”，取《列子·汤问》所载东海有１５只巨鳌驮着五座仙岛飘浮的典故，暗示琼华岛、团城也是“蓬莱仙岛”。按“五行说”西方属金，故金鳌牌坊立在桥西。桥东端的牌坊题为“玉蝀”，取《诗经·鄘风·蝃蝀》诗句：“蝃蝀在东，莫之敢指”的诗意，（“蝃蝀”音为“帝洞”，意为彩虹）形容此桥像是玉石砌成的彩虹，所以玉蝀牌坊立在桥东端。民间传说，用手指点彩虹，就会得眼病，所以说“莫之敢指”。而彩虹从来都是出现在东方的，所以说“在东”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 清代乾隆时期重修了金鳌玉蝀桥。乾隆二十二年（１７５７年）在《御制泛舟至瀛台即景》诗中说：“玉蝀新修饮练横，轻舟直拟达仙京。由来太液一池水，三海何人浪与名。”此诗注说：“御河桥（即北海大桥）以年久重修，时方告成。”又说：“桥北为北海，南为中海，过勤政殿红墙（勤政殿在中海堤上）为南海，盖明季相沿即有此名（指太液池划分三海之名）。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> １９１２年２月１２日，清光绪皇帝的遗孀、宣统名义上的母后隆裕太后在乾清宫颁布了清朝《退位诏书》，根据袁世凯签署的《优待条件》，清室得到了允许暂住故宫，将来搬往颐和园的承诺，但要将西苑三海移交民国政府。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> １９１２年年底，时任民国临时大总统的袁世凯由铁狮子胡同陆军部大楼（今北京东城区张自忠路３号院）入住中海西岸的居仁堂，以金鳌玉蝀桥为界，将桥以南的中海、南海划为总统府。从此西苑三海被分为北海和中南海两个部分，这是现在“中南海”的由来。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 袁世凯的三女儿袁静雪写于１９６３年的回忆录《我的父亲袁世凯》说，袁世凯“自从住进了中南海，就没有再出过新华门一步。这是因为东兴楼门前的爆炸案件使得他余悸尚存……可以这样说，我父亲是活着进的新华门，直到死后才被抬着出了这个门”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 东兴楼爆炸案件，是指辛亥革命期间，出任内阁总理大臣、奉命镇压武昌起义的袁世凯，于１９１２年１月１６日中午退朝后乘马车由东华门返回石大人胡同内阁驻地（今北京东城区外交部街３３号院）途中，在东安门大街东兴楼饭馆门前遇革命党投掷炸弹事件。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 虽然袁静雪回忆不够准确，至少袁世凯１９１３年１０月１０日到故宫太和殿就任民国正式大总统及１９１５年１２月２３日“冬至日”到天坛祭天曾外出两次，但心有余悸的袁世凯确实极端注重自身的安全。清朝灭亡后，金鳌玉蝀桥已对外开放，是联系东、西城交通的要道。袁世凯命人在桥上南面栏板的内侧，砌筑了一道高墙，此墙东西两端，与桥头原有的中南海北围墙衔接，起到了封闭作用。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 清光绪三十年（１９０４年）的进士、曾在民国政府任职的<personname wst="on" productid="陈宗藩">陈宗藩</personname>先生１９３０年所著《燕都丛考》记述：“金鳌蝀东桥，跨乎中、北海之间，为东西往来孔道……民国元年（１９１２年）乃为通途。惟以袁项城（即袁世凯，其原籍为河南省项城县）迁居中海，缭以短垣。过是桥者，仅见北海烟波，而中海、南海诸胜无由瞭望。民国十七年（１９２８年）始将短垣拆卸。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">１９５４年拆除金鳌玉蝀桥，在原址重建北海大桥时，为使新桥获得展宽和延长的空间，曾计划将位于桥东的团城拆除。１９５４年６月，周恩来总理亲上团城考察，决定让新桥向南弯曲，以避开团城。所以建成后的北海大桥現在是弯曲的。金鰲、玉蝀兩座牌坊也被拆除，那两个石匾现存首都博物馆，可以参观。有史料说，石匾上的“金鳌、玉蝀”四个字是嘉靖皇帝题写的。嘉靖皇帝曾在大桥西边的永寿宫修道求仙多年，直至临死当天，才抬回乾清宫“寿终正寝”，明代皇帝的“正寝”就是乾清宫。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">图片说明：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">摄于１９２２年的老照片，可见金鳌玉蝀桥上有一道高墙，系袁世凯时期所建</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">２００５年在同一角度拍摄的北海大桥 陆 元</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">摄</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">此文曾于</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="28" month="10" year="2005"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">28</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">发表在《中国档案报》</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我的图片像素都太大，以利于报纸排版清晰度，所以我很少发图，见谅。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">综上所述，你的大桥图片，拍摄于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1912</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年至</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年之间。</span></p> <p>北海五龙亭旁曾有铁路，</p><p>就在此图两棵大树背后，</p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清朝第四条铁路在北海</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文并摄：陆元</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清朝第一条铁路，是同治四年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1865</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年）英国商人杜南特在北京宣武门外铺设的长度仅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">华里的展示性铁路，后被步军统领衙门以引起“群情骇怪”为由责令拆除。第二条铁路，是光绪元年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1875</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年）英国怡和洋行在上海铺设的淞沪铁路，后因撞死行人被官府出银收购后拆除。第三条铁路，是光绪七年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1881</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年）开平矿务局铺设的唐山至胥各庄运煤铁路，但因守旧派官员借口火车会惊扰遵化皇陵，仅限用驴马牵引车辆。光绪十四年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1888</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年），由李鸿章发起在西苑铺设了长度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">华里的游览铁路，这是清朝在中国境内出现的第四条铁路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">西苑，是皇家游览休闲的场所，因位于皇宫西侧得名，包含北海、中海、南海，合称“西苑三海”。光绪十二年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1886</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年），慈禧太后以即将结束垂帘听政，由光绪皇帝亲政，需要预备退休养老的场所为由，提出要兴建颐和园和扩建西苑三海。建园工程和筹款工作竟然由新成立不久的海军衙门承办。身为海军总理大臣的醇亲王奕譞，意在讨好慈禧，以促成自己的儿子光绪皇帝顺利亲政。而兼任海军会办大臣（相当于副大臣）的直隶总督李鸿章，则意在笼络慈禧，以使自己推行的洋务运动得到支持。当时为扩建西苑而劝说中海墙外蚕池口法国教堂迁往西什库的交涉，就是由李鸿章办理成功的。这件交涉的经过题刻在西什库教堂碑亭的石碑上，游人可以参观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李鸿章早就主张兴建铁路，但一直遭到守旧派官员阻挠。为了获得慈禧太后的支持，同时也让她见识一下火车并非“喷火怪兽”，李鸿章借扩建西苑之机，在醇亲王奕譞的协助下，以进献为名，在西苑铺设了一条供慈禧专用的游览铁路，并向法国新盛公司订购了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台小火车头和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">节车厢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这条游览铁路南起慈禧在中海新建的寝殿仪鸾殿西侧的瀛秀园，向北经紫光阁，出中海北门福华门，进北海西南门阳泽门，在五龙亭处转弯向东，直抵北海北岸的镜清斋。清宫档案尚存醇亲王奕譞于光绪<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="25" month="12" year="2014">十四年十二月二十五日</chsdate>给慈禧太后的奏折，称小火车运抵北京，已由海军衙门验收，“坐车六辆内，上等极好车一辆，上等坐车二辆，陈设华美，制做精工。中等坐车二辆，行李车一辆，亦俱材质光洁”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">由于西苑铁路在北海五龙亭转弯处通道极为狭窄，东为湖岸，西有“极乐世界”建筑群，难以拓宽，因此在岸边水中紧靠着五龙亭最西端的“浮翠亭”建造了一座</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔石桥，让火车从桥上通过。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1900</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西苑铁路被八国联军破坏。各项史料提及此事时均未指出破坏原因，但是当时洋人正将铁路由北京城外延伸至城内，很可能是为了掠取北海铁路的器材设备挪用于进城的铁路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1924</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西苑北海辟为北海公园对外开放时，铁路被彻底拆除。紧靠“浮翠亭”的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔铁路石桥至今犹存，已成为岸上通道的一部分。而当年慈禧太后那台小火车头，直至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1969</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年才被作为废铁拆除处理。有人认为，新中国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代兴建十三陵水库的工地上，曾使用这台小火车头搬运土方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">图片说明：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">紧靠着五龙亭最西端“浮翠亭”的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔石桥，是当年的西苑铁路桥。此文曾于</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="23" month="12" year="2005"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">23</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">发表在《中国档案报》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">原图片像素太大，无法上传，见谅。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">点评：此图中心两棵树那里，右边是五龙亭最西边的浮翠亭，左边是“极乐世界”的东南角亭。当年铁路就从之间通过。那个人脚下的平坦的石道，就是原来铁路的路基。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -43.7pt 0pt -53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -4.16gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -5.14gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">结论：此图拍摄于1900年被拆毁之后。</span></p><p></p> 陆老师的知识补充得当好. 谁有阐福寺（大佛楼）的老照片贴出来 <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">点评</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">07</font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">号北海老照片，五龙亭旁有铁路，</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清朝第四条铁路在北海</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文并摄：陆元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清朝第一条铁路，是同治四年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1865</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年）英国商人杜南特在北京宣武门外铺设的长度仅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">华里的展示性铁路，后被步军统领衙门以引起“群情骇怪”为由责令拆除。第二条铁路，是光绪元年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1875</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年）英国怡和洋行在上海铺设的淞沪铁路，后因撞死行人被官府出银收购后拆除。第三条铁路，是光绪七年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1881</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年）开平矿务局铺设的唐山至胥各庄运煤铁路，但因守旧派官员借口火车会惊扰遵化皇陵，仅限用驴马牵引车辆。光绪十四年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1888</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年），由李鸿章发起在西苑铺设了长度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">华里的游览铁路，这是清朝在中国境内出现的第四条铁路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">西苑，是皇家游览休闲的场所，因位于皇宫西侧得名，包含北海、中海、南海，合称“西苑三海”。光绪十二年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1886</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年），慈禧太后以即将结束垂帘听政，由光绪皇帝亲政，需要预备退休养老的场所为由，提出要兴建颐和园和扩建西苑三海。建园工程和筹款工作竟然由新成立不久的海军衙门承办。身为海军总理大臣的醇亲王奕譞，意在讨好慈禧，以促成自己的儿子光绪皇帝顺利亲政。而兼任海军会办大臣（相当于副大臣）的直隶总督李鸿章，则意在笼络慈禧，以使自己推行的洋务运动得到支持。当时为扩建西苑而劝说中海墙外蚕池口法国教堂迁往西什库的交涉，就是由李鸿章办理成功的。这件交涉的经过题刻在西什库教堂碑亭的石碑上，游人可以参观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李鸿章早就主张兴建铁路，但一直遭到守旧派官员阻挠。为了获得慈禧太后的支持，同时也让她见识一下火车并非“喷火怪兽”，李鸿章借扩建西苑之机，在醇亲王奕譞的协助下，以进献为名，在西苑铺设了一条供慈禧专用的游览铁路，并向法国新盛公司订购了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台小火车头和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">节车厢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这条游览铁路南起慈禧在中海新建的寝殿仪鸾殿西侧的瀛秀园，向北经紫光阁，出中海北门福华门，进北海西南门阳泽门，在五龙亭处转弯向东，直抵北海北岸的镜清斋。清宫档案尚存醇亲王奕譞于光绪<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="25" month="12" year="2014">十四年十二月二十五日</chsdate>给慈禧太后的奏折，称小火车运抵北京，已由海军衙门验收，“坐车六辆内，上等极好车一辆，上等坐车二辆，陈设华美，制做精工。中等坐车二辆，行李车一辆，亦俱材质光洁”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">由于西苑铁路在北海五龙亭转弯处通道极为狭窄，东为湖岸，西有“极乐世界”建筑群，难以拓宽，因此在岸边水中紧靠着五龙亭最西端的“浮翠亭”建造了一座</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔石桥，让火车从桥上通过。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1900</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西苑铁路被八国联军破坏。各项史料提及此事时均未指出破坏原因，但是当时洋人正将铁路由北京城外延伸至城内，很可能是为了掠取北海铁路的器材设备挪用于进城的铁路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1924</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年，西苑北海辟为北海公园对外开放时，铁路被彻底拆除。紧靠“浮翠亭”的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔铁路石桥至今犹存，已成为岸上通道的一部分。而当年慈禧太后那台小火车头，直至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1969</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年才被作为废铁拆除处理。有人认为，新中国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代兴建十三陵水库的工地上，曾使用这台小火车头搬运土方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">图片说明：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.05pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">紧靠着五龙亭最西端“浮翠亭”的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔石桥，是当年的西苑铁路桥。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.05pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.05pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">此文曾于</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="23" month="12" year="2005"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">23</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">发表在《中国档案报》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.05pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">原图片像素太大，无法上传，见谅。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">点评：此图中心两棵大树，右边是五龙亭最西边的浮翠亭，左边是“极乐世界”的东南角亭，当年的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">孔石桥就在两棵大树背后。长袍人脚下平坦的石道，就是当年的铁路路基。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">结论：此图拍摄时间上限在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1900</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年洋人拆毁铁路之后。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如果长袍人代表着清朝那时尚未失去北海，那么拍摄时间下限在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1912</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年清亡以前。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p> <p>第七张，第八张，第九张，第十张是Meyer, Frank Nicholas 大概1906年拍的</p><p></p>
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