想了解北京科举的朋友进来（2）
<table style="MARGIN-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse;"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 39pt;"><td valign="top" width="1044" colspan="2" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 783pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 152.6pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">五朝帝都-北京科举简述</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 30pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">时期</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">概说</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 30pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">先秦时期</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 23.68pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">周武王克商以后，封帝尧之后于蓟，封召公</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体';"><font face="宋体">奭</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">于燕。另说周以前就有燕国，后燕并蓟，以蓟城为国都，这就是现在北京的前身，这时的人才选拔主要还是通过世袭继承及军功和“养士”来进行，没有较完备的选拔制度。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 107.25pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 13.72pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">秦汉</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 23.68pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">秦灭燕之后，在今北京城。设置蓟县， 两汉设置幽州，选拔方式主要通过，察举及征辟等方式，考察所辖郡国中，才学品行优秀者，荐于天子。北京地区在汉代通过征辟，察举，等选拔方式，共产生十余人。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 59.5pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">魏晋南北朝</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 23.68pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">这一时期，人才的选拔制度主要是沿袭汉代之孝廉选拔及九品中正制，人才选拔大都被士族门阀所垄断。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 36.75pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">隋唐时期</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 16pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">隋大业年间，曾是涿郡的治所；唐天宝年间，曾是范阳郡的治所，科举考试的形式在这时期形成，其中唐代进士幽蓟人薛昌应为北京历史上可考的进士第一人 ，令有三人及第登科 </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 46.5pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">宋代</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">五</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">代</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">十</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 26pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">国</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.68pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">北宋宣和四年（1123年），宋、金联合伐辽，攻占燕京。宋、金议和后，燕京回归北宋，建燕山府（因临近燕山脚下），故燕京又称燕山。由于北京长时间被辽人占据，后加之金灭北宋所以宋代北京所开科目较少，考选进士寥寥数人而已。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.68pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.68pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">这一时期，战乱频繁，政权更迭，科举考试多沿袭唐制，但因战乱时开时停，作为这一时期，北京地区最有名的当属五子登科。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">《宋史·窦仪传》记载：宋代窦禹钧的五个儿子仪、俨、侃、</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体';"><font face="宋体">偁</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">、僖相继及第，故称“五子登科”。五代后周时期，燕山府（今北京一带）有个叫窦禹钧的人，记取祖训，教导儿子们仰慕圣贤，刻苦学习，为人处世，不愧不怍。结果，他的五个儿子仪、俨、侃、</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体';"><font face="宋体">偁</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">、僖都品学兼优，先后登科及第。《三字经》也以“窦燕山，有义方，教五子，名俱扬”的句子，歌颂此事。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 60.75pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">辽</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 13.72pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">辽代北京定名为辽南京，辽代为了拉拢汉人于</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">988年开设贡举取士</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">，辽南京为辽代科举考试地点，京城内又修建文庙及国学（南京太学）以应文教之用。北京共产生三名状元及二十余位进士。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 60.75pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">金</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 13.72pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">金代定都北京，为金中都，修文庙，建国学，又开设女真国学，大兴府学加强文教。金代于公元1128年开科取士，其中金中都作为殿试地点共举行28次，北京地区共有十余位登科进士。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 158.25pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">元</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 5.67pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 27.44pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 5.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">元代定都北京，为元大都，元初停废科举，后于仁宗延</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '隶书';"><font face="隶书">祐</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">二年（1315年）才再次开办。大都为会试及殿试场所。元代科举只考一科，但分成左右榜。右榜供蒙古人、色目人应考；乡试时只考两场，要求较简单。左榜供汉人、南人应考，乡试时考三场，要求较严格。乡试、会试考获名单俱按种族分配。著名的宋氏兄弟（宋本 </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">至治元年策士，赐进士第一，宋</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体';"><font face="宋体">綗</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">， 宋本弟泰定元年举进士第）为当时杰出代表。除此之外，元统治者又在大都内社国子监，蒙古国学，太极书院等。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 108.75pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 35.28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">明</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> 明代，成祖朱棣迁都北京，北京作为明顺天乡试，及会试殿试场所，其中在有明一代200余年间北京共产生进士200余名，是在隋代开科取士以来，进士登科人数最多的朝代，明代北京教育不仅从国家的国子监，宗学，顺天府学，还是到明天启初开办的首善书院，可以说在教育士人，及培养人才上都趋于完善。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 111pt;"><td valign="top" width="144" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 108pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 35.28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';">清</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 36pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="900" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 675pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 31.36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">清，顺治定都北京，于顺治三年开科取士，初期分满汉榜，后取消，清依明制，北京也作为顺天乡试，及会试殿试场所，</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">据《北京市宣武区志》记载：“至清光绪三十年（1904年）科举考试终止，先后在京举行科考201科，全国各地进京应试的举子达120多万人次。其中，</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">在清代建立到科举废除，200余年的时间中，北京共产生700余名进士。各类科举选拔制度较明代更加完善。各类学校，书院，会馆的建立，如觉罗学（北京一中的前身），右翼宗学（北京三中的前身），金台书院（首善义学是其前身，康熙曾赐予“广育群才”的匾额今为东晓市小学），“窦氏书院”、“首善书院”、“潞河书院”、“汇文书院”等，巩固了北京做为政治，文教中心的地位。清末随着列强入侵，清国力衰弱，京师同文馆，京师大学堂，这些新式学堂的设立，教学内容的西化使得科举制度迅速消亡。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><p><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></p><p> <!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></p>
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