[转帖]“文化大革命”中谁保护了故宫?
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中谁保护了故宫?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">[摘要]对于故宫的历史和艺术价值,中共中央和毛泽东早有认识,并在平津战役时专门就保护北平文化古迹问题作出指示,使得故宫建筑在战火纷飞中没有受到任何损坏。新中国成立后,故宫制定了古建筑的维修和保护计划,由于人民政府专款支持,故宫古建筑的修缮一直没有停止过。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1961</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,故宫成为国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位。尽管在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中有过曲折,但由于中共中央采取了特殊的措施,故宫及其收藏得到保护。在保护故宫的过程中,尽管形成过多种不同的设想、意见和方案,但由于党在这一重大问题上经过审慎的考虑,并采取切实可行的措施,最终使故宫完整地留存给子孙后代。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">不久前,从一个刊物上看到一篇关于保护故宫的文章,文中转述了一个传闻,说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">毛主席和彭真同志的意见是拆除故宫去修马路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。文章还说,为了保护故宫,陆定一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年代初挺身直谏,敢于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">冒犯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">毛主席和彭真的意见和看法,是冒了很大的政治风险的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">在北京城市建设的过程中,如何体现古都的风貌,如何满足人们工作、生活的需要,如何在搞城市现代化的同时,尽可能科学地保留历史的遗存,是一个很复杂的问题。在对这个问题的认识过程中,曾有过很多的经验和教训,甚至有过激烈的争论。但是,对历史问题的回顾和反思,应当建立在基本符合事实的基础上,进行全面的历史的分析,特别是在涉及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫存废</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">这样国内外瞩目的大问题上,更应当用充分的事实作依据来评点前人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.05pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">战乱中谁保护了故宫</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">北京紫禁城,今称故宫,是明、清两代的皇宫,是我国现存最宏大、最完整的古建筑群。从明朝永乐十八年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1420</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年)基本建成之后,到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1911</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年,有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">个皇帝在此临朝统治。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">辛亥革命后,按照《清室优待条件》,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1912</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年故宫前朝被辟为古物陈列所。清朝废帝溥仪等在内廷生活期间,故宫内的设施也有不少的损坏,最明显的就是各宫门的门槛都被溥仪锯掉,以方便其骑自行车玩耍。宫内所藏宝物,更有许多被盗被毁。军阀混战期间,还有过飞机在故宫投弹的事情发生【溥仪:《我的前半生》,东方出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1999</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年版,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">106</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1924</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,溥仪被冯玉祥国民军逐出故宫后,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1925</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日成立了故宫博物院。到解放前夕,由于长期无人修理,故宫内杂草丛生,房倒屋漏,有的墙上和屋上竟长出了四五十年的老树。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">对于故宫的历史和艺术价值,毛泽东是早有认识的。还在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1936</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年,在陕北的窑洞里,他就对斯诺叙述过他年轻时对故宫的印象和感触:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故都的美对于我是一种丰富多彩、生动有趣的补偿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">在公园里,在故宫的庭院里,我却看到了北方的早春。北海上还结着坚冰的时候,我看到了洁白的梅花盛开。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【[美]埃德加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">斯诺:《西行漫记》,三联书店</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1979</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年版,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">128</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】在这古墙之下,护城河边,毛泽东和杨开慧开始了青春的恋情。这种心绪一直没有更改,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,在平津战役如火如荼之际,毛泽东为中央军委起草的给林彪、罗荣桓、聂荣臻的电报中,专门就保护北平文化古迹问题作出指示,命令:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">积极准备攻城。此次攻城,必须做出精密计划,力求避免破坏故宫、大学及其他著名而有重大价值的文化古迹。你们务必使各纵队首长明了,并确守这一点。让敌人去占据这些文化机关,但是我们不要攻击它,我们将其他广大城区占领之后,对于占据这些文化机关的敌人再用谈判及瓦解的方法,使其缴械。即使占领北平延长许多时间,也要耐心地这样做。为此,你们对于城区各部分要有精密的调查,要使每一部队的首长完全明了,哪些地方可以攻击,哪些地方不能攻击,绘图立说,人手一份,当做一项纪律去执行。为此,你们必须召集各攻城部队的首长开会,给以精确的指示。为此,你们指挥所要和每一个攻城部队均有准确的电话联系。战斗中每一个进展均须放在你们的指挥和监督之下。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【《中央军委关于保护北平文化古城问题的指示电》(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日),《北平和平解放前后》,北京出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1988</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年版,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】同时,林、罗在讨伐蒋军罪行时,亦指出他们</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">在北平城内逮捕无辜人民,斩伐风景林木,拆毁古迹材料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,敦促傅作义和平解决北平问题,保证不破坏文化古迹。【《林彪、罗荣桓为敦促和平解决北平问题致傅作义函》(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日),《北平和平解放前后》,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">63―64</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】在解放军重重包围平津守敌的同时,解放军有关人员还找到位于城郊清华大学的梁思成家中,请他在地图上标出北平城内外及准备南下途中的重要文物古迹所在,并把这份有标记的地图发至各部队以为遵循。这件事深深地打动和影响着梁思成及其他爱国知识分子,这份示意图上的标注,也成为以后国家第一批重点文物保护单位选择的目标。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">在几百万大军刀戈相向的战争环境下,由于中共中央和毛泽东及时地提出保护文物古迹的正确方针,使故宫建筑没有受到任何的损坏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">入城之前,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1948</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日,北平军管会便成立了由钱俊瑞、陈微明(沙可夫)、马彦祥、李伯钊、艾青、光未然、尹达、徐迈进、张宗麟、范长江、侯俊岩等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">人为委员的文化接管委员会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日,又增加田汉、胡愈之、吴晗、楚图南、翦伯赞、周建人、安娥等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">人为委员,钱俊瑞为主任,陈微明为副主任。接管故宫便是文管会经手的一项工作。【《北平市军管会文管会接管工作总结报告》(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日),《北京市重要文献选编》,中国档案出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年版,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">270</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">274</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】按照接管的原则,解放军应立即对旧机构下的物资进行清点接收。但北平文管会实事求是地提出:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">贮藏文物较多之机关,如故宫博物院与北平图书馆,其清点工作确甚重要,但如无足够人手或不可能有切实负责常驻该机关之代表,切不可部分点收,最好是安顿他们,仍责成他们负完全责任,加以保护。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【《北平市军管会文管会接管工作总结报告》(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日),《北京市重要文献选编》,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">285</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">与此同时,在经济十分拮据的情况下,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,由人民政府出资对故宫庆寿堂进行了修缮,这是北平解放后对故宫的第一项修缮工程。为清运故宫内自清末就存留下来的垃圾,清除杂草,经多时日,至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1952</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年底清理工作结束时,故宫内共清运出垃圾和渣土达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">万立方米。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">解放后,在马衡院长的主持下,经过调查,故宫制定了古建筑的维修和保护计划。由于人民政府专款支持,故宫古建筑的修缮一直没有停止过,其中较大的工程有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1955</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年对端门的修缮;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1956</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年对西北角楼的修缮;从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1956</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年起,陆续为故宫高大建筑物设计并安装了防雷装置;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1957</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年对武英殿进行修缮;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年做太和门及前三殿的油饰彩画工程;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1960</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年进行东北角楼的修缮工程;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1963</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年做午门正楼的修缮工程等等。据统计,从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1953</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1966</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">前,故宫的大小维修工程达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">多项,更大面积的古建筑保养工作也在同时进行。为了保证古建筑维护的施工质量,故宫还组建了专门的施工队伍,成立了修建处和建筑研究室,确定了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">全面规划,逐步实施</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">着重保养,重点修缮</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">近期计划和长远规划结合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">等行之有效的工作方针。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1961</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,故宫成为国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.05pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大跃进</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中谁保护了故宫</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年代后期,以高指标、浮夸风和瞎指挥为特征的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,不仅给经济工作带来巨大的破坏和浪费,也给故宫的利用和保护带来了危机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">在各行各业都搞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大革命,大革新,大放卫星</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的氛围中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日,北京市文化局党组提出了一个对故宫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">进行革命性改造</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的报告。报告对故宫的现状和问题进行了分析,认为:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">过去由于清规戒律的限制,不准动原状,不准用灯光,各次陈列迁就主要宫殿,分散零乱,多而不精,参观极不便利。而且对封建落后的陈迹不能大力铲除,保留得过多。房屋及环境的清除整理,阻力更大,至今未能脱出残败零乱的现状。库房虽然积极清除了一百多万件非文物,但尚远不彻底。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">坚决克服</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">地广人稀,封建落后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的现状,根本改变故宫博物院的面貌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">报告随后提出两个改革方案:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">第一个方案,是将紫禁城内前后两部分划分为二,后半部分从乾清门后由故宫博物院办陈列,前半部分交园林局建设成为公园。这样博物院的陈列成一线,可以大大精干,在紫禁城东西后部开辟两个便门后,故宫可以四通八达,参观便利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">第二个方案,是按第一方案多保留从太和门起三大殿及两庑中间主要宫殿,此外交园林局管理。这样主要的宫殿建筑还是作博物馆陈列,可照顾各方面的意见,参观亦便利。绿化部分大部交园林局,博物院更可集中精力办好博物馆事业。但这个方案工程比较大,三大殿两庑及乾清宫两庑要安装灯光,三大殿一带房屋都需油饰彩画。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">报告就有关布展内容提出:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">根据周扬同志的指示,故宫博物院性质为中国古代文化艺术的博物馆,方针是古为今用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">同时设想了一些具体的措施,如陈列展览贯彻宁精毋杂,陈列集中;清除封建落后的陈迹;口头讲解与文字说明开始大清理,清除封建落后的影响;多开一些东西交通便门,增辟休息地点;库房要大刀阔斧地进行改革,处理非文物,拨出重复文物;对故宫的宫殿建筑拟大事清除,保留重要的主要建筑,以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">70%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">以上的面积园林化等等。【《关于故宫博物院进行革命性改造问题的请示报告》,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日】无疑,这个报告是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">狂热时期的产物,和亩产万斤粮一样是所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">思想大解放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">放卫星</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的结果,是头脑极度狂热的表现。那时不仅经济部门出现不顾客观现实、违背常识的笑话,文化、教育、科学界也不乏其例。在这种背景下,故宫这时提出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的改造方案也就不足为奇了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">好在这种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的狂潮很快就受到广大干部和群众的质疑。中共中央和毛泽东很快发觉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中的错误。从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月连续召开多次中央会议,努力纠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">左</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。此时,中宣部对北京市文化局有关故宫的请示报告有了回音。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日上午,中宣部部长陆定一在中宣部部长办公会议上说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">好事常常办成坏事,主观上想办好事,结果并不完全是这样。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫改革方案文件的精神要整个考虑一下。北京的城墙要拆,因为它影响几百万人的交通问题。但是,故宫是另外一种问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">我们对故宫应采取谨慎的方针,原状不应该轻易动,改了的还应恢复一部分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫的性质,主要应该表现宫廷生活,附带可搞些古代文化艺术的陈列,以保持宫廷史迹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">讲解说明要实事求是地讲清这些史迹即可,少说一些标语口号。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">关于房子改造问题,小房、小墙可以拆一些,但要谨慎。马路可以宽一些,这是为了消防的需要,不是为了机动车进去。故宫就是要封建落后,古色古香。搞绿化是需要的,如果辟为公园不好管理,绿化一下即可。故宫前半部,可以不交园林局,绿化由故宫统一搞。搞故宫的目的就是为了保留一个落后的地方,对观众进行教育,这就是古为今用,这点不适用于其他各方面的工作。故宫的方针,第一条是保持宫廷史迹,使人能详细地、具体地了解宫廷生活;第二条才是古代文化艺术的陈列。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【陆定一对故宫博物院改革方案的意见,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日】</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中宣部副部长周扬没有参加这次会议。在此之前,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日,他请人向会议转述了自己的意见:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">关于故宫博物院的性质,我认为宫廷史迹陈列仍是主要内容之一,因此,有些陈列品应该保留的,还是要保留;有些陈设必须保持原状的,还是要保持原状,不要随便拆除。好让人民看看过去皇帝是怎样生活的,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">划出一部分面积开辟公园是好的,但要注意与故宫相协调,尽量保持一些古典的民族的风格,不要弄得不三不四。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【周扬对故宫博物院性质的意见,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日】</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">在听取了各方面意见之后,特别是大的形势有所改观之后,故宫博物院党委又于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日写了一个报告。这个报告冷静多了。报告称:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">市委文化部并报市委:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">根据中央宣传部会议指示精神及市委意见,我们对故宫博物院的方针任务问题拟定了一个方案(草案),现报请审查,是否有当,请示。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">方案明确:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">紫禁城范围内的建筑必须加以保护,保持古建筑的原有面貌。修缮以复原为原则,保持原有风格。对于与建筑正体无关之后添的附加建筑物,如小墙小屋等,必要拆除时,也须采取慎重的态度。建筑周围的空隙地区除清除积土、平整地面等工作外,要在保持古典的、民族形式的、并与宫殿建筑相协调的原则下,进行园林风景的点缀,成为观众的休息场所。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫是我国现存最辉煌、最完整的古建筑群,它是重要的历史建筑文物,因此故宫博物院对这座建筑物的保护维修是一项重要的工作,故宫有九千间左右的宫殿,必须有计划的进行保护维修,现经勘查研究,将保护原则及范围拟议如下:(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">)主要宫殿、配殿、庑殿、楼阁及城垣、河道、地面都完全保护它的完整和原有风格,进行维修时,在原来外观形式、结构作法以及装饰艺术等方面都力求保持原制原样不予改变。(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">)附属于主要殿座的小院群房,在原则上也都保存保护,只是在规划上与第一类建筑有先后缓急之分,这类建筑有的早已坍塌无从恢复的则不再恢复,但有的基础尚存,在历史上有恢复重建价值的考虑进行恢复,这种房屋不多,我们意见有景棋阁后一处小院需要恢复(珍妃幽禁时住过)。(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">)在清代末年和辛亥革命后添建的小房厅、墙,基本上也可以保留。但对于那些建筑在下水道上或紧靠主要殿座,既无历史价值和艺术价值而对主要殿座有损害并影响排水和消防,这样的房子则考虑清理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫规模很大,建筑又多,全部修整工程拟根据</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">着重保养,重点修缮,全面规划,逐步实施</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的精神进行全面规划并拟出逐步实施方案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【《故宫博物院的方针任务与方案(草案)》,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日】</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">这个方针是实事求是的,是有远见的,很长时间故宫的利用和保护工作就是依此进行的,而且一直影响到现在。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">就在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">大跃进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">前后,有人说是群众的要求,也有人说是根据某领导的意见,曾有过一个拆除故宫、改为中央政府办公楼的建议。少数规划人员参与其事,但他们也只是采取姑妄言之的应付态度,描绘了四种改建故宫的平面图和鸟瞰图:其第一方案是拆午门,在午门位置上建中央大楼,使天安门成为党中央入口之大门;第二方案是拆端门,在端门位置建中央大楼,把中南海党中央和国务院迁至市中心位置,党中央设三个主要门:天安门、东华门、西华门,中南海改变为群众性公园。第三方案是将故宫及天安门全拆,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">彻底打碎封闭森严的封建艺术布局,代以开敞明朗活泼的气氛,使庄严美丽现代化的新型建筑,代替已经古老落后的帝王宫殿建筑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">五组建筑围绕在主体建筑周围布置,以象征</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">工农商学兵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">紧密团结在党中央周围</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。第四方案更是彻底,要将故宫、中南海、南河沿以西民房全拆,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中心思想是把党中央和国务院办公用地放在城市中心部分,全部改建故宫,保留有象征意义的天安门作为党中央和国务院的主要入口</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。【见《原北京市委设想改造故宫方案的照片》文字说明】</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">这些方案固然大胆,后果也很可怕,但却没有被人真正重视过。任务的布置没有正式的下达;只有传闻,没有具体的提议人;规划设计者从一开始就没有把它当作一回事,只是为了交差设计了几种明显实行不了的方案。方案出来后,据说交到北京市委一位领导那里,他看后哈哈一笑就把它扔到一边了,并没有报到中央或毛泽东那里。很少有人知道和重视过这些方案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">只是到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,这些方案才又被从旮旯里搜了出来,被说成是彭真为刘少奇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">修建宫殿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的阴谋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.05pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.05pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中谁保护了故宫</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">是一场内乱,是一场大革</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">之命的运动。运动一开始,便号召</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">彻底破除几千年来一切剥削阶级所造成的毒害人民的旧思想、旧文化、旧风俗、旧习惯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫是什么?当然是几千年封建社会旧式思想文化之集大成者,是封建皇权的象征。在一帮</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">左</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">得发疯的政治狂人和无知的青年看来,故宫首先是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文革</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">破四旧的对象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1966</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日,就在毛泽东、林彪在天安门广场第一次接见红卫兵后,当晚周恩来得知一伙红卫兵准备第二天冲入故宫去造反。周恩来立即作出了关闭故宫的决定。当天深夜,故宫博物院的几扇大门紧急封闭,周恩来并通知北京卫戍区派一个营的部队前去守护。第二天一早,一队队红卫兵齐集神武门下,大叫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">破除四旧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">开门!开门!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫工作人员按照周恩来的指示,一方面拒不开门,一方面加以劝说。门外的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">小将</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">最后见没有冲入的可能,只好呼喊了一阵口号离去。【参见《周恩来年谱(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1949——1976</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">)》下卷,中央文献出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1997</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年版,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】从此故宫大门一闭就有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年之久【故宫博物院于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1971</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日重新开放】,在许多地方名胜古迹惨遭破坏的时候,故宫得以幸免。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">但是故宫在这场</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中也不是毫发未损,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1966</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,驻在故宫内的文物出版社珂罗版车间的一些工人,就向故宫领导请示:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">十几年来,城隍庙的泥胎偶像,一直盘踞在我们文物出版社印刷厂,霸占着我们珂罗版</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">84</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">立方米的地方,影响我们的生产发展,我们曾多次提出,但至今仍未解决,现在我们再次严正提出:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">一定要把这些大王小鬼同反党反社会主义黑帮分子彻底捣毁,连根拔掉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">不能保留这些宣扬封建迷信的牛鬼蛇神的统治地位,彻底铲除几千年来一切剥削阶级制造毒害人民的封建迷信工具。这些牛鬼蛇神和我们社会主义建设是格格不入的,我们提出请工作队同志帮助解决。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【见署名为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文物出版社珂罗版车间全体工人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的大字报,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1966</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日】故宫博物院的领导得到请示后,鉴于当时的形势,表示故宫内原城隍庙旧址里的城隍泥塑神像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">个,泥塑马一对,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">内容系封建迷信有毒素的东西,技巧低劣,是清代泥塑(该城隍庙建于清雍正时期),并无保留价值,故同意将上述泥塑神像除掉【故宫博物院对文物出版社工人所写大字报的回复,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1966</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">日】</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1966</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,一个再现四川大地主刘文彩残酷剥削的收租院泥塑展在故宫预展期间,又有人以奉先殿前的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">焚帛炉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">与殿内的泥塑陈列不相称,尤其与殿内的主席像很不协调为由,拆除了清代的焚帛炉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">不管怎样,由于周恩来等中央领导人的关心和干预,故宫终于没有落到曲阜孔庙那样的结局。也由于这些领导人的关心和干预,故宫在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">期间,有的地方还进行了一些局部修缮,如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1972</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年,中央拨出巨款,解决了故宫热力供应问题;当年,完成了前三殿、后三宫等重点区域殿宇的油饰工程;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1974</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">月,国务院又批准了《故宫博物院五年修缮计划》。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">这场文化的浩劫中,由于采取了特殊的手段,故宫及其收藏得以保护。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">十一届三中全会之后,随着人们思想的前进和眼界的开阔,故宫的保护和利用为各方面领导和人士所关注,各项措施更是逐年更新。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">如果稍微注意一下史料的核实,那么故宫近一个世纪的保护和变化情况是十分清楚的。对于有人重提新中国成立后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">故宫存废</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">的问题,除了促使我们重新检理资料外,也引出我们的一些思考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">中国共产党成为执政党后,在保护故宫、保护历史文化遗产方面做了许多卓有成效、富有远见的工作。历史告诉我们,尽管在保护故宫的过程中,形成了多种不同的设想、意见和方案,但由于党在改造故宫这一重大问题上,经过审慎的考虑,并采取切实可行的措施,最终使故宫完整地留存给子孙后代。在故宫的改造利用过程中,虽然极左思想和历史虚无主义曾有所体现,但正确的认知和行动最终还是占据了主导地位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">需要指出的是,新中国对故宫的改造和利用是完全必要的。因为从北京建城起,它的规划就有一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">明显的缺陷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">紫禁城不是一个能便利四面八方交通往来的枢纽,而是一个巨大的障碍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">【史明正:《走向近代化的北京城</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">城市建设与社会变革》,北京大学出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1995</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年版,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">72</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">页】。这种规划是从维护帝王权威出发的。北京从迈向近代社会以来,尤其是新中国定都北京以后,日益严重的交通问题就与这种规划有关。新中国成立后对故宫的很多改造设想,便是从城市规划和便利交通、从方便市民休息娱乐的角度出发的,包括拆除故宫外一些严重影响交通的牌楼等。但在整个改造过程中,党对故宫这一民族文化瑰宝的保护利用始终慎之又慎。北京解放后近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">年的实践,已经证明我们在故宫保护问题上采取的措施是正确的,是经得起历史的考验的。这是党、政府、专家学者和群众共同努力的结果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">摘自:《党的文献》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">作者谢荫明,中共北京市委党史研究室主任;瞿宛林,中共北京市委党史研究室研究人员</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p> 改革开放后,谁保护了故宫? 看得我心惊肉跳的........ 啊!!! 真是的,谁保护了古老的故宫? <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;">战乱中:中共中央和毛泽东。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">“</font>大跃进<font face="Times New Roman">”</font>中:陆老。</span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'mso-hansi-font-family:'mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;"><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">“</font>文化大革命<font face="Times New Roman">”</font>中:周总理请来了解放军封锁了紫禁城的四门。</span></span></span></p> 是我保护了故宫! 中宣部部长陆定一表示:“我们对故宫应采取谨慎的方针,原状不应该轻易动,改了的还应恢复一部分”,“关于房子改造问题,小房、小墙可以拆一些,但要谨慎。马路可以宽一些,这是为了消防的需要,不是为了机动车进去。故宫就是要封建落后,古色古香”,“搞故宫的目的就是为了保留一个落后的地方,对观众进行教育,这就是古为今用”。 谁?好长,没看。 真够乱的
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