本帖最后由 穎太世澤 于 2018-8-3 22:31 编辑 ?$ X' ^# {! h0 Y4 v
' j4 [6 h$ v3 ^4 S! _下面介绍「中国的雕漆屏风」外国称之为「柯罗曼多屏风」
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各式〈科罗曼多屏风〉 . g, L3 s. y$ F4 J# Q2 @
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' m& @3 z: R6 W8 _5 E8 gHistory of Folding Screens - Chinese Folding Screens 折收屏風的历史 - 中国折收屏風
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History of folding screens starts in China, where they appeared in the VII century. These sophisticated pieces of furniture were made in wide range of sizes, from extremely large oversized folding screens that were used in spacious palaces, to miniature decorative screens that could comfortably fit on a table top. 折收屏的历史始于中国,他们出现在七世纪。 这些复杂的家具被制成各种尺寸,从超大的巨型折叠屏風,用于宽敞的宫殿,到微型装饰屏風,可以輕鬆地在安置在桌面上。 ' m5 T% Y/ O3 T A
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Folding screens used as room dividers was constructed from several panels attached to each other. The most popular in VII century China room dividers were six or eight panels folding screens. Chinese masters are famous for their complex ancient lacquer application techniques. 用作室內分隔的折叠屏風由彼此连接的數片面板构成。 在七世纪最普遍的中国隔屏是六塊或八塊面板的折叠屏風。 中国大师以其复杂的古漆应用技术而闻名。 & y( J9 K9 e0 S
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Most known technique used in creation of folding screens - "naciju" - is a labor intensive multi layered lacquer application technique with gold leaf inserted into the lacquer on the different levels. Masters applied up to 30 layers of lacquer and each level had a unique gold leaf pattern. As a result -a magically glowing surface of the screen that exudes energy. Another popular unique decorative technique used by Chinese artisans in creation of folding screens is dimensional carving on the clay surface. 用于创造折叠屏風-的最出名的技术“naciju”是一項費工的以金箔嵌入到不同層次的多层漆施加技术。 大师們施用多达30层漆,每層个别有一个独特的金箔图案。结果呈現出一个散發能量的神奇表面发光的屏幕。 中国工匠在创造折叠屏風时使用的另一項普遍流行的独特装饰技术是在漆層表面上的立體雕刻。 # f$ ^3 T: @* y
6 A6 i- n( I: p, t- aFolding screens that are made by using this method are known as Coromandel screens. Each panel of coromandel screens was made from wood and covered with many layers of soft clay followed with multiple layers of lacquer. Then opulentdesigns with landscapes, flora and fauna〈 motifs〉motives, and calligraphy writing, were skillfully engraved in a different relief (high and low) into the screens panels, creating a breathtaking three dimensional effect. The Coromandel screens were then painted and embellished with gold or silver leaf 通过使用这种方法制成的折叠屏風被称为柯罗曼多屏風。Coromandel屏風的每扇面板是由木制并且覆上许多层软的粘土,随后是多层漆料。 然后华麗的用景物及特殊含義的动植物和书法作品來设计,並巧妙地將不同的深淺浮雕刻入屏風面板上,创造一个令人驚惊的三维效果。然后在Coromandel屏風上繪畫並潤饰以金或银箔。2 B) A; m$ ]7 M( g
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The unique screen making techniques passed from generation to generation and are widely used and popular today. 此項独特的屏風制作技术代代相传,且广被应用和普及於今日。
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$ v) E4 G( v5 L" G! XCoromandel Screen with peacocks 鸚鵡裝飾的柯罗曼多屏風
" e6 a1 ^* h. \' I; TChinese folding screens often feature dragon motif.The dragon is probably one of the most familiar Chinese motifs. It is a first of all animals, and a symbol of masculinity, light, growth and life-giving water. As a king of the animals it is also represent nobility and royalty.According to Chinese mythology the dragon has nine features it takes from other animals: head of a horse, the antlers of a deer, the neck and tail of a snake,the belly of a shell, the scales of a carp, the claws of an eagle, the soles of a tiger and the ears of an ox. In decorative painting on the folding screens,one or several of those characteristics was emphasized, depend upon the fusion of the time. The dragon depicted as an element of outer border design is symbol of prosperity, peace and happiness. 中国折叠屏風经常具有龙图案的特徵。 龙可能是最為熟知的中国图案之一。 它是所有动物中的首選,并且是雄性,光明,生长和生命泉源的的象征。作为动物之王,它也代表尊贵和王權。 根据中国神话,龙有九种其他动物的特徵:马的头,鹿的角,蛇的頸和尾,貝壳的腹,鲤鱼的鳞, 鹰的爪,虎的掌和牛的耳。 在折叠屏風上的装饰画中,强调了这些中之一種或多種的特征,这取决于融合的时间。龍是被绘在边框的一項基本圖案它代表的是繁荣,和平与幸福的象征。
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