小学学历的大学教授——金克木
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">小学学历的大学教授——金克木</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; BACKGROUND: #fafafa; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="宋体">金克木（<span lang="EN-US">1912</span>～<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>）和季羡林、张中行、邓广铭并称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>燕园四老<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。<span lang="EN-US">1948</span>年进<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1471.htm" target="_blank"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">北京大学</span></span></a></span>当教授，<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="5" M="M"year="2000"><span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月<span lang="EN-US">5</span>日</st1:chsdate>病逝。在北大校园生活了五十二年。生前是全国政协委员、九三学社常委、宣传部部长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; BACKGROUND: #fafafa; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="宋体">先生祖籍安徽<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6426.htm" target="_blank"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">寿县</span></span></a></span>，生在江西万载。父亲是落第<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5859.htm" target="_blank"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">秀才</span></span></a></span>，五十岁以后捐了个县官，到万载补缺。捐官的本钱还没捞回来，就撞在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28947.htm" target="_blank"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">辛亥革命</span></span></a></span>的枪口上。人被抓、家被抄，金老爷子急气夹攻，撒手西去。金克木是如夫人所生，才几个月大。他大哥（长子，先生的异母长兄）主家政，带着全家回了安徽。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 金克木在安徽寿县第一</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/107939.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">小学</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">毕业，又读一年中学，便无力继续。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">岁就在家乡教小学。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">1927</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年第一次国共合作结束。共产党被排挤，此时，金克木接受了些新思想，参加过</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8171.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">党</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的外围组织的活动。刻蜡板、散传单。他记得刻过：“党外无党，帝王思想。党内无派，千奇百怪”。小学同事中有大学毕业生，教课之余交流见闻，沟通见解。金克木知道了许多新事物、新观点。他感到自己太不行了，必须去大城市读书<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">学习，见识见识。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1930</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">19</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">岁的金克木，来到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/65882.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">北平</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，加入了当年的“北漂”。图书馆免费看书，大学课堂开放，加上结识的朋友。支撑着他。在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/338202.htm" target="_blank"></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">北京大学旁听，学习英文、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/170391.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">法文</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、德文和函授</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/30032.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">世界语</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。吃饭靠哥哥接济。过了两年，哥哥病故，接济中断。跑到德州教半年多书，攒点钱，回北京接着混。开始写诗，在刊物上发表。还在报纸副刊做过编辑，写稿、翻译，挣饭吃。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1935</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年，经人介绍，在北京大学图书馆谋了个位置，坐在出纳台后，管借书还书。金先生说，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">（那）却是我学的最多的一段时间</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">那时北大还在沙滩红楼，图书馆大量的是社会人文类的书籍。借书的也是文科学生多。大四学生写论文，借书有侧重。刚入学的学生听教师的指定、推荐。临时来借书的，好像乱抓，细分析也都有路数。金克木把他们的借书条当索引。按这门路去找书看。有问题时，跟借书的讨教，或者向书库的人打听；都是导师。听导师的指引读书，不懂的地方找导师解答。不用考试成了研究生。<st1:PersonName w:st="on" productid="金">金</st1:PersonName>先生在自己的书中说：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">这些读书导师对我影响很大，若不是有人借过像《艺海珠尘》（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/419298.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">文艺</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">丛书）、《海昌二妙集》（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1534.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">围棋</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">谱）这类书，我未必会去翻看。外文书也是同样。有一位来借关于绘制</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/30267.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">地图</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/283060.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">德文</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">书。我向他请教，才知道了画地图有种种投影法，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/354020.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">经纬</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">度弧线怎样画出来的。又有一次，来了一位数学系的学生，借关于历法的外文书。他在等书时见我好像对那些书有兴趣，便告诉我，他听历史系一位教授讲历学课，想自己找几本书看。他还开了几部不需要很深数学知识也能看懂内容的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/48682.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">中文</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">和外文书名给我。他这样热心，使我很感激”。<st1:PersonName w:st="on" productid="金">金</st1:PersonName>先生还特别谈到过一位从几十里外步行赶到北大图书馆来的鼎鼎大名的教授，虽然没有透露他的姓名，但可以肯定他不在北大任教，可能是当时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6781.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">燕京大学</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">或是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1563.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">清华大学</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">的教授：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">他夹着布包，手拿一张纸向借书台上一放，一言不发。我接过一看，是些古书名，后面写着为校注某书需要，请准予借出。借的全是善本、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/210831.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">珍本</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。由于外借需有馆长批准，而</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5252835.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">馆长</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">那天又刚好不在，这位老先生又一言不发地离去了。待这位客人走后，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">我连忙抓张废纸，把进出书库时硬记下来的书名默写出来，以后有了空隙，便照单到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/652.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">善本</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">书库中一一查看。我很想知道，这些书中有什么奥妙值得他远道来借，这些互不相干的书之间有什么关系，对他正在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6728777.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">校注</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">的那部古书有什么用处。经过亲见原书，又得到书库中人指点，我增加了一点对古书和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/26783.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">版本</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">的常识。我真感谢这位我久仰大名的教授。他不远几十里从城外来给我用一张书单上了一次无言之课。当然他对我这个土头土脑的毛孩子不屑一顾，而且不会想到有人‘偷’他的学问。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">” <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" class="MsoNormal"><st1:PersonName w:st="on" productid="金"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">金</span></st1:PersonName><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">先生后来“坦白”“偷”的目的：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">我当时这样的行为纯粹出于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/39406.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">少年</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">好奇，连求知欲都算不上，完全没有想到要去当</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/66776.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">学者</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">或文人。我自知才能和境遇都决不允许我立什么远大目标。我只是想对那些莫测高深的当时和未来的学者们暗暗测一测。我只想知道一点所不知道的，明白一点所不明白的，了解一下有学问的中国人、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/171369.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">外国</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">人、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/35478.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">老年</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">人、青年人是怎么想和怎么做的。至于我居然也会进入这一行列，滥竽充数，那是出于后来的机缘，并不是当时在北大想到的。可是种因在北大</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。教过小学的<st1:PersonName w:st="on" productid="金克木">金克木</st1:PersonName>先生，结合自己论述小学教育的重要性：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">好奇心是在上小学时培养出来的，是小学的老师和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/13655.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">环境</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">给我塑成的。定型以后是再也难改的。大学</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/20700.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">老师</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，无论怎样高明的灵魂工程师，也只能就原有的加以增删，无法进行根本改造。大学只是楼的高层而不是底层。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38983.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">中学</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、小学的底子不好，后来再补就来不及了。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/3496.htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">教育</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">是不可逆转的。我们不能不顾基础，只修大屋顶。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">” （待续）<o:p></o:p></font></span></p></span> （续）
<p>金先生读书多、学问广。“上知天文，下通地理”，“在中外古今的文化思想中旅行”。他谈论读书，资本雄厚。“<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1527.htm" target="_blank">信息</a>爆炸”的今天，日日有新书，读不过来。金先生倒写了一本书叫《书读完了》，认为天下的书不可能都读到，选读文化<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/280336.htm" target="_blank">经典</a>的最紧要部分读通，加上<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/67225.htm" target="_blank">名家</a>指点，也就算“书读完了”，“有文化”了。金先生指的是基本教育，在求得<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/171533.htm" target="_blank">常识</a>。人们为了解决某个问题去找书读，有目标，没有了无所适从的犹豫，和望洋兴叹的惧怕；直奔目标就是。要立志成“大<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/72497.htm" target="_blank">儒</a>”，就单说了。为猜出“谜底”的读书是一种快乐，一种享受。为找饭吃读书或者说是“专业读书人”，就是苦差事了。但金先生说：也可以“转苦为乐，把包袱改成垫脚石”，站得高，就看得远，心里亮堂。因为“‘学而时习之’本来是‘不亦说乎’的”。</p>
<p align="left">在读书方法上，金先生提示说：容易受重视的是引起自己共鸣的书。但更要重视与自己意见不合的书。可以使自己霍然一惊，以对敌方式去观察书中的意见。倘自己被折服，则是自己的见解不对，从而得到提高；若有驳倒对方的理由，等于打退论敌的冲锋，自己得到加强。</p>
<p>抗日战争爆发，金先生逃难。离了北京。幸是外语出众，笔杆子景人。教书，当编辑，作文写诗，闲不住。在香港、西南桂林，生活几年。1941年经缅甸到印度，做中文报纸编辑。同时学习<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/65810.htm" target="_blank">印地语</a>与<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/73651.htm" target="_blank">梵语</a>，钻研佛学。走上梵学研究的道路。在印度一待五年。</p>
<p>用宋朝黄庭坚的两句诗：“桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。”说1936到1946十年里的中国文化人，况味相似。十年战火纷飞，人们奔走在江湖间，出入于防空洞。文化并未泯灭。金克木以为，中国历来有两种文化：读书人的文化和民间的文化，相互渗透、互相补给。光读书，不入民间，就难通透。战乱的颠沛流离，正合“读万卷书，行万里路”的古训。金先生的经历，使他对世事、人生有深刻观察和体悟。他身上有学者的严谨、诗人的激情和翻译家的视野。晚年对“死”更有彻悟，遗言“我是哭着来，笑着走”。</p>
<p>日本投降，金先生从印度回到上海。那年34岁，学术界初露锋芒，经吴宓介绍，成了国立武汉大学教授。在这里他经历了1947年的“六一惨案”，学生反内战，金克木仗义执言支持学生。当局出动军警包围武汉大学，杀学生、抓教授。金先生首当其冲，坐了监狱。学校联名抗议，没几天被抓教授学生就回了学校。报纸电台报道，金先生名闻天下。北京大学看中先生的人品和才华，聘请他到北大任教。1948年到了北京大学，新中国年轻一代的梵语学者们，都曾受益于金克木先生。他对印度古代文化有深厚的功底，对于印度近现代的变化，也独具隻眼。</p>
<p>金先生的才气是举世罕见的。他的诗文，清秀、深刻、有韵味、充满美感。读他的文章，使人轻松；他的好奇心感染人。引领你向前寻觅。讲历史，说当今，给人启示，发人思考。不论长短，都令人必有所得，有渊博内容，叙述又不呆滞。</p>
<p>金先生持“猜谜”态度读书，追寻人生真谛和宇宙奥秘，生命不息，猜谜不止。“猜谜”并不求完全彻底，提出要点，指明方向。有顿悟，有趣味，也有学术上的阙如：留下路标，以待后人。融会贯通的上下求索，一步一景。文字学术、过去而今、中土外洋、高雅通俗，无不有美在，也无不充满快乐。</p>
<p>他自谦的说一无所成。88岁写诗和世间告别：“文章学业两无成，老朽深知畏后生。天上传呼归去也，缘何秃笔尚纵横。”他归去时，笔尚纵横。缘何？</p>
<p>金庸普及了元好问的词句：“问世间，情是何物，直教生死相许”。</p>
<p>套用这词：问世间，学为何物，直教生死相许。缘何？缘于生死相许。这就是金克木！</p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
[此贴子已经被作者于2011-11-22 20:15:25编辑过] 令人敬仰。 <p>文章学业两无成，</p>
<p>老朽深知畏后生。</p>
<p>天上传呼归去也，</p>
<p>缘何秃笔尚纵横。</p>
<p> </p>
<p>金克木</p>
<p>潘克水</p>
<p>谁言弱</p>
<p>独一壶</p> 潘先生真是这里的镇版之宝！！！
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