[古村落]怀柔-二道关鹞子峪
<p><font face="Verdana">·二道关鹞子峪堡——怀柔区级文物保护单位 </font></p><p><font face="Verdana"> </font></p>
<p><font face="Verdana">怀柔境内的黄花城长城是明长城的又一处精华所在,它气势雄伟,构筑精细,集奇险于一身,是北京长城段的一处重要关隘。黄花城历史曾称为黄花镇,黄花城关被称为头道关,它是外省通往京师的要冲,也是拱卫明皇陵的门户。在黄花城关遗址北侧的岩石上,至今还保留着明万历年间刻写的“金汤”两个大字,足以显示出当年关口的作用。为了进一步加强皇城的军事防御,黄花城北面又延修了一段长城,这段长城被称为外长城。距头道关北约二公里处,建置一关,称二道关。如今,二道关隘口已不复存在,而当地村落却因此而得名。</font></p>
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<p><font face="Verdana"> 鹞子峪古堡,位于九渡河镇二道关村西鹞子峪沟内。据史料记载:明朝时怀柔地界长城关口下有20多个古城或古堡。鹞子峪古堡规模较小,却是怀柔乃至北京地区长城脚下惟一保存较完好的古堡。鹞子峪城堡地理位置极为特殊,堡四面都具有防御功效,非常罕见。东为二道关的右翼;南为黄花城长城二道关的北部屏障;西是鹞子峪沟的咽喉;北护卫鹞子峪关;地理位置十分重要。据《四镇三关志》记载:“夷部出永宁南山谎炮儿(地名),过韩家川犯鹞子峪堡,被击溃。”说明这里当年曾是防御塞外的重点城堡。</font></p>
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<p><font face="Verdana"> 今天的鹞子峪堡现仅剩十五、六户人家。南门外有一条常年流水的小溪,南山是苍松翠柏,与黄花城长城对峙相望。北山有一座烽火台,居高临下,山脊上是二道关长城。此处环境幽雅,景色绝妙。山水树木掩映下的古堡,呈正方型,周长近400米,是一座坚固的石头古堡。南墙中部仍保留着完好的城门,门上部刻有“鹞子峪堡”汉白玉匾额。堡内外墙都是用大而整齐的石条砌成,呈灰白色,十分严整。堡墙内填有3米宽黄土为主的填料,宽厚结实。堡墙虽经几百年风雨而无一处损坏,修造坚固是一方面,建筑材料与结构也颇有可借鉴的地方。据老人回忆,堡的石墙上面原有双垛口走道防御墙,城门上有一间防卫房,上世纪四十年代初,日本鬼子强迫拆除,用作修炮楼,万分可惜。</font></p>
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<p><font face="Verdana">堡内的建筑基本为古宅,还可见一座庙宇正对城门。走在堡内石板铺就的小路上,看到石磨,古槐树;走入农家院落,看到石阶、石门礅、石块垒,处处感受到古城堡的古朴沧桑,仿佛进入了古世纪。</font></p>
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<p><font face="Verdana"> 未来的鹞子峪将建设成为鹞子峪长城古堡旅游度假村,即在恢复“鹞子峪堡”原貌,突出强化古堡文化的基础上,创造一处良好的休闲度假的场所。<br/></font></p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2011-10/201110128352060848.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2011-10/201110128352064608.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2011-10/201110128352044784.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" 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