[原创]曹雪芹西山故居寻迹
<p><strong><font size="5">曹雪芹西山故居寻迹</font></strong></p><p><strong><font size="4"></font></strong> </p>
<p><font size="4"><strong> 北京植物园的曹雪芹故居周围,有很多和曹雪芹与《红楼梦》有关的人文和自然景观,红学家们将其故居周围遗迹分别称为:“古槐幽夏”、“古墩远眺”、“河墙烟柳”、“古井微波”、“元宝遗石”、“木石姻缘”、“一拳顽石”、“广泉古井”。 </strong></font></p>
<p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"></span><font size="4"><strong> </strong></font><font size="4"><strong> </strong></font></p>
<p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><font size="4"><strong>一 “古槐幽夏”<span lang="EN-US"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></span></p>
<p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><font size="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??>在曹雪芹故居门前屹立着三棵古槐,这三棵古槐为京城名槐。据这三棵古槐的干粗看,它们应为元槐。过去在香山一带流传着有关曹公故居的小曲之一是这样唱的:“门前古槐歪脖树,小桥流水野芹麻”。而现在的纪念馆门前就屹立着三棵古槐,其中门东边的一棵就是著名的“歪脖槐”。一位著名红学家(吴恩裕)先生曾著文:“他(曹公)住的地方在四王府的西边,地藏口的左边靠近河的地方,那儿今天还有一棵大槐树”。应该说这位红学家是调查的比较仔细的。据当地的老人们说,过去在曹公门前生长着很多野芹菜,曹公经常用它给百姓们治病,并自己起名为“芹”。纪念馆门前的景物和小曲正相吻合的。特别是在盛夏,巨冠浓阴,故居门前是“庐结西郊别样幽”。</span></strong></font></p>
<p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><font size="4"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??></span></strong></font> </p>
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<p><br/><br/></p> <p>四 “古井微波”<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p> </p>
<p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??>在故居的北边有一口古井,古井两旁有高墩,高墩上横架有大木,是为打水之用。过去是正白旗村人马饮用之水。此井很深,人由井口下视,能见闪闪微波。此井水甘甜清冽。相传此井开凿在清初建旗营时,曹寅曾有诗云:“抱瓮汲深井,井深耸毛发”写出了这一地区水井的特点。当年曹雪芹就是用这口井的水生活,并用这口井的水研墨,“披阅十载,增删五次”写作《红楼梦》。现此井已为一景点。在井西有一古碉楼,古碉南有一铁炮。组成一小景区。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span></p>
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<p><br/><br/></p> <p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><strong>五:“元宝遗石”<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??>在樱桃沟里的水源头南边有一块巨石,岩石上大底小,形似元宝,故名“元宝石”。此石又叫“白鹿岩”,相传在辽代时,有仙人骑白鹿到此,并住在岩石的洞内,所以洞叫“白鹿洞”。在《红楼梦》的开卷第一回,提到一僧一道席地坐青埂峰下,见这块鲜莹明洁的石头,且又缩成扇坠一般,甚属可爱。那僧托于掌上,笑道:“形体倒也是个宝物,只是没有实在的好处……”。元宝石形如元宝,可又无实际用处,这不就是那僧托于手上的石头。宝玉又名“神瑛侍者”。“神”大者,“瑛”石者。元宝石旁的水源头是甘露。大元宝石也就是“神瑛侍者”。也就是说,大元宝石就是贾宝玉。在香山一带,流传着一首小曲:“数九隆冬冷溲冰,檐前那个滴水结冰棱。什么人留下那个半部《红楼梦》,剩下的那半部谁也说不清……林黛玉好比那个山上的灵芝草,贾宝玉是块大石头有灵性”。而巧合的是,在元宝石旁就有一古柏生在裂石中,这不就是灵芝草和元宝石的前盟。</span></strong></p>
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<p><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??></span></strong> </p>
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<p><br/><br/></p> <p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><strong>六:“木石姻缘”<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><strong> 在元宝石南。有一块居高临下的巨大危石。令人惊奇的是,在其绝顶上竟然生长着一棵峥嵘的古柏。这棵古柏凌空挺立,傲骨藏风,姿态奇绝。人们称为“石上柏”又名“石上松”。(因为古人认为松柏同种,有时柏亦称松)。石上柏高达10米多,干周长达1.8米。它成树体虽不巨大,但树龄已四五百多年,可谓一棵不老柏。它成为北京的名柏之一。这棵石上柏还和孙承泽、曹雪芹有关。孙承泽隐居的“水流云在”处,这里近靠“石上柏”。他在《春明梦余录》书里写有关于石上柏的记载:“独岩口古桧一株,根出两石相夹处,盘旋横绕,倒挂于外……”相传曹雪芹是看到了“石上柏”的“木石姻缘”(又称“木石前盟”、“木石奇缘”、“木生石中”),大受起发,联想到贾宝玉和林黛玉的“木石姻缘”。而写作黄叶村的“抗风轩”,创作出举世名著《红楼梦》的。在香山一带,一直流传着小曲“退谷石上松,人称木石缘。巨石嶙峋宝,甘泉溢水甜。山上疯僧洞,山下白鹿岩。曹公生花笔,宝黛永世传”。这首小曲也正把曹公和《红楼梦》和樱桃沟的“三绝”水源头、元宝石、石上柏联系起来。<o:p></o:p></strong></span></p>
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<p><br/><br/></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><strong>七:“一拳顽石”<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??><strong> 一拳顽石是在香山公园内的南边十八盘,阆风亭下的一块巨石,因形似握拳,所以得名“一拳石”。石上的题字“一拳石”为清乾隆皇帝所题,其意为“先人掌拳(权)”。而曹雪芹题曰“一拳顽石”,是打向封建社会的叛逆拳石。现在遗存的曹雪芹的两只黄松书箱中,是他在结婚时,他的好友鄂比送的。一只的箱盖上画有一丛兰花和一拳顽石。并题有“题芹溪处士句”,诗云:“并蒂花呈瑞,同心友谊真。一拳顽石下,时得露华新”</strong></span></p>
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<p><br/><br/></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><strong>八:“广泉古井”<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span> </p>
<p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>樱桃沟在明代时古刹很多,后大多圮毁。广泉寺位于沟的北山上,在明末已为废寺。虽为废寺,但多有文人墨客赋诗赞寺,如明末文人于奕正(《帝京景物略》二作者之一)就写有《游广泉废寺》。曹雪芹和好友张宜泉曾游广泉废寺,这里环境优美,人迹罕至。张宜泉还写有名篇《和曹雪芹西郊信步憩废寺原韵》,诗云:“君诗曾未等闲吟,破刹今游寄兴深。碑暗定知含雨色,墙颓可见补云阴。蝉鸣荒径遥相唤,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>唱空厨近自寻。寂寞西郊人到罕,有谁曳杖过烟林”。</span></strong></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none? 15.05pt; TEXT-INDENT:><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt">200余年前曹雪芹与张宜泉来到此寺已经成为废寺了(估计当时依然有古寺的大致轮廓),如今建筑遗址上已经没有任何建筑构件向人们述说当年的情形了,只有一口古井,依然坐落在路旁,两块大青石板盖在井口,直径大致有1.5米,深不可测。据《天府广记》记载:“西山山顶之井,广泉寺与此(玉皇庙)为二,甘洌似泠。谷中瀹茗取给二井”。可知广泉古井之水,不仅甘洌,且极适烹茶品茗。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>综上所述,广泉废寺,这座位于水源头的废寺,曾经得到清一代名士的凭吊,包括曹雪芹与他的挚友张宜泉的凭吊,并以该寺为题有诗歌唱和,遗憾的是雪芹先生的《西郊信步憩废寺》诗没有保留下来,看来早在乾隆二十四年雪芹在世的时候,《红楼梦》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; 8.5pt;>(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>《红楼梦》原名《石头记》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; 8.5pt;>)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>已经被视为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; 8.5pt;>“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>谤书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; 8.5pt;>”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" new="New" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: Roman??>了,雪芹之所以留下的生平资料极少。</span></p> <p><font size="4"><strong> 在北京植物园内还有很多景物和曹雪芹与《红楼梦》有关,如“秋风黄叶”、“太虚幻境”、“阶柳庭花”、“碧水青山”、“薜萝门巷”、“满目蓬蒿”、“画眉黛石”等。这些景观的传说都和曹雪芹有关,也说明人民对曹雪芹的热爱。游人见景生情,会更加怀念曹雪芹,增添了北京植物园的红楼旅游文化色彩。</strong></font></p>
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<p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??>在香山卧佛寺一带,遗有很多乾隆年间的古碉楼,这是为纪念平定云南大小金川叛乱胜利而修建的。曹雪芹经常和好友敦敏、敦诚、鄂比、张宜泉等,登临正白旗村东边“金山三环”山麓的一个古碉楼。这个碉楼内部空心,是可以登临的“活碉楼”。他们饮酒赋诗,极目远眺,抒发胸怀。敦敏还写有名篇《西郊同人游眺兼有所吊》,诗云:“秋色召人上古墩,西风瑟瑟敞平原。遥山千叠白云径,清磬一声黄叶村……”。诗中的黄叶村即正白旗村,村中当年的开山娘娘庙的钟声敲响,阵阵西风刮来,在东边的古碉楼上听的正清楚。诗句中的描写正合当时的景物。</span></strong></p>
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<p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA? mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? mso-hansi-font-family: mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; ?Times Roman?; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: new="New" Roman??>河墙在故居(纪念馆)西边的河东岸,原墙是用大花岗岩砌成。在墙旁垂柳,春夏时节,烟柳迷蒙,景色秀丽。这里过去是“柳营春试马”习武的地方。因满族八旗有骑马善射的习惯,这里也是正白旗营(村)兵丁们操练的地方。曹雪芹的祖父曹寅有《闻芷园种柳》,诗云:“柔丝青可把,愁絮拨难开。惆怅横戈地,秋风拂马来”。现在这个地方,仍是古柳依依,是隔柳远望西山的好地方。现在这个地方立有一巨石,上书“河墙烟柳”。</span></strong></p>
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<p><br/><br/></p> <span style="font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><font size="5"><span style="font-weight: bold;">图文并茂好拍记!<br/>替您补一张广泉寺古井照片:<br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2011-3/20113126211314000.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><br/></span></font></span> 随图畅游如入山阴道上 <em><font color="#ff0000" size="4"> 精彩图文,欣赏学习!</font></em> <p>谢谢食烟火斋和京虎欣赏,感谢颐和吴老的补片。</p>
<p>那次沿水源头而上寻广泉寺古井,走到山顶也未寻见,只好沿山而下去了温泉,下次拿着吴老的照片再找吧。</p>
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