拥挤的城市将人"挤出"旧城区
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 12.75pt 0cm="0cm"1.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">拥挤的城市将人<span lang="EN-US">"</span>挤出<span lang="EN-US">"</span>旧城区<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2010-12-19 09:18:37</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 来源<span lang="EN-US">: <a href="http://www.eeo.com.cn/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #2b2b2b; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">经济观察报</span></span></a>(</span>北京<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">核心提示:一位政府的研究人士称,每年北京地方两会的政府工作报告里,人口问题始终是一个雷区,“不敢轻易碰,但形势有时候又逼迫你不得不去碰”。北大教授陆杰华称北京已经错失了调控人口的最好时机。<b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">经济观察报<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月<span lang="EN-US">19</span>日报道</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">居住在北京的周蓉说自己现在只要一出门,就越来越“恼火”:“没有不挤的时候。”人多车多,到处拥挤。她所在的这个城市人口已经达到<span lang="EN-US">1972</span>万,而像她这样的所谓流动人口也已经突破<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>万。过去<span lang="EN-US">10</span>年间,这个数字在以每年近<span lang="EN-US">40</span>万人的增量往上跳动。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这一惊人的变化让北京的城市承载力面临着前所未有的压力。如何让北京不再拥挤?近日,北京市委通过了《中共北京市委关于制定北京市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》(以下简称《十二五建议》)。中心议题就只有两个:治堵和调控人口。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">根据本报记者了解,人口调控将按人群分类管理。</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于户籍人口,将控制进京指标,也会有近<span lang="EN-US">70</span>万的旧城区人口向郊区疏解</span></u></b><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">;</span></u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于非北京户籍的外来流动人口,明年起将逐步取消暂住证制度,实行居住证制度</span></u></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。主旨是“以证管人、以房管人、以业控人”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">超出人口承载极限<span lang="EN-US">200</span>万<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">周蓉<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年从老家四川广元来北京读大学,算起来,有房有车的她到北京已经<span lang="EN-US">12</span>年了。周蓉居住在朝阳区和通州区交界的杨闸——尽管这里的房价已达到<span lang="EN-US">2</span>万元一平米,却只是北京很常见的一个城乡结合部。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2004</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年周蓉在杨闸买房时,地铁八通线的列车只有<span lang="EN-US">3</span>节车厢,发车时间间隔在<span lang="EN-US">15</span>分钟左右,车厢里常常是空荡荡的。但现在,八通线已经是<span lang="EN-US">6</span>节车厢,发车间隔时间在<span lang="EN-US">3</span>到<span lang="EN-US">5</span>分钟,车厢里却依然人满为患。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年周蓉买车时,京通快速路和杨闸环岛还算顺畅,而今,除了早高峰时期,一到每天下午五点半左右,杨闸环岛就开始暴堵,有一次周蓉在环岛堵了近一个小时,看着环岛旁边近在咫尺的家,周蓉却无法“弃车而逃”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一位政府的研究人士称,每年北京地方两会的政府工作报告里,人口问题始终是一个雷区,“不敢轻易碰,但形势有时候又逼迫你不得不去碰”。北京大学人口所教授陆杰华称,在犹豫之间,北京已经错失了调控人口的最好时机。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">五年前,按照国务院批复的人口规模,北京市政府提出了“<span lang="EN-US">2010</span>年人口控制在<span lang="EN-US">1625</span>万”的目标。但这一目标早在<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年就已经突破。另一个可怕的数据是,北京的瞬间人口<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年曾达到<span lang="EN-US">1.47</span>亿人次,这是历年来最高峰值。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这一变化带来的后果是,交通、就业、医疗、教育等方方面面的问题。水资源紧张、汽车保有量大增、交通爆堵、半夜搭帐篷排队报幼儿园班……这些新闻逐渐大量充斥都市报的版面。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以水资源为例,目前,北京年人均水资源仅<span lang="EN-US">210</span>立方米,是中国年人均水资源的<span lang="EN-US">1</span>/<span lang="EN-US">10</span>。过去<span lang="EN-US">20</span>年为了保障北京供水,北京周边地区被限制发展,已经形成了一个环北京贫困带。有专家担心,按照这种人口增长趋势,南水北调工程也难保未来北京的水供应。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">北京到底能承载多少人口?北京市政府曾进行过科学估算:包括常住人口和流动人口在内,北京人口的最大承载量为<span lang="EN-US">1750</span>万。显然,按照这一估算,北京现在即便是瞬间“挤”出去<span lang="EN-US">200</span>多万人,也只是恢复到人口承载极限的红线。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“北京集中了全国的优质资源。”北京大学政治发展与政府管理研究所研究员彭真怀说,这是北京人口暴增的最主要的原因。因此,《十二五建议》中称,要“使首都的发展与人口资源环境的承载能力相适应”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">将谁“挤”出去?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“挤”人势在必行!但如何“挤”?将谁“挤”出去?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">据专家介绍,在《十二五建议》中,有关北京人口调控提出了对 “本市人口分为流动人口、常住人口、外籍人口三类进行有针对性的服务和管理”。本报记者了解到,根据不同人群,北京市将有不同的调控方式和目标。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于户籍人口,居住在原北京旧城区的东城、西城、崇文、宣武四个区(现已合并为东城区和西城区两区)的北京人,将有一部分被“挤”出旧城区。根据规划,到<span lang="EN-US">2020</span>年,将有近<span lang="EN-US">70</span>万人被转移至郊区。过去的两年,已经向外疏解了<span lang="EN-US">4000</span>余户居民。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在这一外迁方案中,东城对接顺义、西城对接昌平、宣武对接丰台和大兴、崇文对接朝阳(四个中心城区合并之后,疏解人口的去向仍按照合并前的计划执行)。目前,北京市国土部门专门为疏解旧城人口而划地的总建筑规模,已经不低于<span lang="EN-US">600</span>万平方米。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于旧城区的人口疏解任务,政府将在定向安置小区建设上,引入“跨区负责”制。即迁出地的政府将配合把教育、医疗等优势社会公共服务资源,随着人口疏解的输入区同步转移。而自愿迁出的居民将获得高额的置换补贴。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">同时,各部委、央企以及北京市各企事业单位的进京指标,也将在这一轮的人口调控中得到限制。早从去年开始,进京指标就已经缩减。而据本报记者调查了解,北京将进一步收紧外地生源高校应届毕业生在京落户政策。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">另外,对于外来流动人口,将实行“以证管人、以房管人、以业控人”。这一模式其实是七年前北京顺义区进行控制流动人口试点工作的模式。北京大学人口所教授陆杰华说,“顺义模式”或将成为调控外来人口的主要方式。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“以证管人”是指实行居住证制度,外来人口将享受子女上学、社会保障、医疗、购车、计划生育优惠政策等市民待遇。</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于像周蓉这样已购房常住北京的非户籍人口,将从明年开始逐步取消暂住证制度,全面推行居住证制度</span></u></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“以房管人”是指通过加强出租房屋管理,实现对流动人口的管理。比如在企业内部实行集中居住、集中管理;没有条件集中住宿的企业,政府会协助企业与村委会达成租房管理协议;政府还鼓励在流动人口集中的地区建设公寓,实行旅店式物业化管理。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“以业控人”是指以产业结构调整和发展,来控制人口总量增长。政府调控可以通过制订规划来决定发展什么样的产业,市场再来决定产业中的岗位,个人再来决定自己的去留,“岗位不合适的自然就走了。”陆杰华说。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这一调控手段已在“顺义模式”中取得成效。以调控低端产业为例,废品回收行业多以外地人居多。顺义区就投入<span lang="EN-US">5000</span>万元统一设置<span lang="EN-US">8</span>个再生资源临时收购点,将废旧物回收率提高到<span lang="EN-US">95%</span>以上,使得从事回收的外地流动人口数从<span lang="EN-US">3000</span>多人缩减到<span lang="EN-US">832</span>人。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“顺义模式”中,还鼓励企业雇佣本地人。顺义区政府给企业明确下达“占地带就业”的具体指标,吸纳本区劳动力就业的给予奖励。如今在顺义,二、三产业岗位中已有一多半都是雇用的本地劳动力。这也在一定程度上“挤”出了外地人。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">另外,河北或将为北京的人口压力解套。<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月底,河北省提出要建设京东新城、京南新城和京北新城三座环京新城以承接北京的产业转移和人口,规划到<span lang="EN-US">2015</span>年,三座新城将能容纳<span lang="EN-US">280</span>万人。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“封村”将推广<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">今年以来,北京郊区县实行的“封村”管理模式,曾一度被媒体诟病为“挤”外地人出京。一位接近北京市政府的研究人士称,在“十二五”期间,封村将推广至全市,“顺义模式”也被采用,他强调,这些行政手段是过渡性的制度安排,但会不断完善。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">因此,在《十二五建议》中,有关北京人口调控还提出了对外来人口 “有针对性的服务和管理”。这也被媒体称为此次北京“十二五”规划建议中的一个亮点。而此前的外来人口管理方式中,更强调管控,而非服务。这一点,周蓉深有体会。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">尽管周蓉已经买房长住北京,但她始终觉得自己是一个“漂”在北京的外地人。没有北京户口的她,不得不“暂住”她自己的房子里。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">周蓉回忆说,前段时间全国强制给孩子打麻疹疫苗时,她接到了居住小区所属的居委会的电话,告知她记得带孩子去免费打疫苗。她称自己当时有一阵暖流。但很快被居委会大妈的一句话给泼凉:“谁知道你们这些外地人都住在哪儿。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">尽管此次人口调控不设总的人口控制目标,但在《十二五建议》中,称要“实行人口总量调控的属地责任”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">陆杰华说,<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年北京人口突破“十一五”目标时,没有及时进行调控,错过了时机。关键原因在于体制问题未能解决。而这一次,北京市拟成立人口发展委员会进行人口统筹,并且要求各个部门都要参与人口的发展和调控。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">除教育、卫生、交通和民政等部门在制订政策时要考虑人口调控的目标之外,各区县、部门也将承担人口总量、结构和分布等调控的目标责任,并设置一些预期性的指标。在“顺义模式”中,早已实行“一票否决”制,将流动人口规模调控纳入经济发展考核内容。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但与北京的治堵方案一样,北京的人口调控规划同样充满了计划经济时代的气味。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.25pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">更多的专家希望,目前这种过渡性的行政手段将给未来更多市场化的手段赢取时间和空间。彭真怀认为,城市规划很重要,但显然,</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">政府不能简单人为地设置门槛控制外地人不能来</span></u></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。而陆杰华则说:“</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">政府的人口调控不能做越界的事情</span></u></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #2b2b2b; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p>一听恼火这样的用词就知道是外地人,果不其然。</p>
<p>不过就算从此再没人出生或者增进,目前的北京也够挤的了。何况还不行呢。</p> <p>他们把北京弄得那么乱,还好意思恼火!</p>
<p>估计是想把北京人都轰走就不恼火了!</p>
<p>凑合活着吧,能在论坛里见到北京人我已经心满意足了!</p>
<p>最近正在准备移民东德,不久的将来我就要离开这个让我心痛的城市了,惹不起我躲得起!</p> 北京的命运都掌握在外来掌权人手中。 二环以内住高干嘛 穷光蛋还是去七环八环吧
[原创]
<p align="center"><strong><font color="#003300" size="6"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><font color="#800000">唉!!!</font>没到世界末日。<font color="#800080">只留念儿时的北京</font></font>。</font></strong></p> <p>呵呵</p>
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