学习知识到孔庙
<p><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5"> 11月23日随陆老、善若水等前辈到孔庙参观，我的主要目的是向前辈们学知识。要感谢陆老的讲解纠错，感谢善若水的引导。</font></strong></p><p align="center"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p> <a href="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2010-11/2010112510461582244.jpg" target="_blank"><img title="oldbeijing.org" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2010-11/2010112510461582244.jpg" onload="imgresize(this);" border="0"/></a>歪瓜裂枣 <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>革命后代</i>在2010-11-26 13:57:00的发言：</b><br/><a href="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2010-11/2010112510461582244.jpg" target="_blank"><img title="oldbeijing.org" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2010-11/2010112510461582244.jpg" border="0"/></a>歪瓜裂枣 </div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">这里要不是善若水老哥提醒还真没注意！在此感谢！</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>蓟风</i>在2010-11-25 12:18:00的发言：</b><br/>亮子拍的详细，几乎看到的就有片子，厉害！ </div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">以量取胜！嘿嘿@</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>善若水</i>在2010-11-25 12:43:00的发言：</b><br/>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">亮子出手不凡啊！</font></strong></p>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">那十三经和国子监的片片呢？</font></strong></p>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">我只看不发了（主要是拿不出手啦）。呵呵</font></strong></p></div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">只看不发！T!!!嘿嘿@多谢您的引路@</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>善若水</i>在2010-11-25 12:46:00的发言：</b><br/>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">咸丰的是否都留在避暑山庄啦？</font></strong></p></div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">这个可以去考证！</font></strong></p> <p align="center"><strong><font color="#008080" size="4">以前拍的可以发吧?</font></strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><font color="#008080" size="4">这个可以有@</font></strong><br/></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>消失的北京</i>在2010-11-25 17:58:00的发言：</b><br/>
<p>片子多，慢慢看，慢慢欣赏，有图解，学知识</p></div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">吃饱喝好找个沙发坐下慢慢看！</font></strong></p> <p>片子多，慢慢看，慢慢欣赏，有图解，学知识</p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>大红棉袄</i>在2010-11-25 11:01:00的发言：</b><br/>好活动，好片儿，快手！ </div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">没你很遗憾@</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>555找乐儿</i>在2010-11-25 11:25:00的发言：</b><br/>
<p><font size="5"> </font></p>
<p><font size="5"></font> </p>
<p><font size="5"> 不同的视角、光影。欣赏！</font></p></div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">向你学习！</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>客人</i>在2010-11-25 11:28:00的发言：</b><br/>wow,每位先帝都有御笔在这里 </div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">学习的好地方@</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>颐和吴老</i>在2010-11-25 11:43:00的发言：</b><br/><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: x-large"><b>匾额珍贵，咸丰的字漂亮。看来在匾额上方正中钤印还是乾隆首创。</b></span></font>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-SIZE: x-large"><b>就缺顺治了。</b></span></font></div></div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">我要好好找找@</font></strong></p> 亮子拍的详细，几乎看到的就有片子，厉害！ <p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">亮子出手不凡啊！</font></strong></p>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">那十三经和国子监的片片呢？</font></strong></p>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">我只看不发了（主要是拿不出手啦）。呵呵</font></strong></p> <strong><font color="#008080" size="4">以前拍的可以发吧?</font></strong><br/><br/><br/><strong>象严嵩？</strong><br/> <font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b> 康熙帝的匾额也是甲子孟冬敬题的，看来这个匾额制作了不少，兴城孔庙也有：</b></span></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2010-11/2010112510461831683.jpg"/></b></span></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br/><br/></b></span></font></div> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>颐和吴老</i>在2010-11-25 11:43:00的发言：</b><br/><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b>匾额珍贵，咸丰的字漂亮。看来在匾额上方正中钤印还是乾隆首创。</b></span></font>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b>就缺顺治了。</b></span></font></div></div>
<p><strong><font color="#008080" size="5">咸丰的是否都留在避暑山庄啦？</font></strong></p> <font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>匾额珍贵，咸丰的字漂亮。看来在匾额上方正中钤印还是乾隆首创。</b></span></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>就缺顺治了。</b></span></font></div> <p><font size="5"> </font></p>
<p><font size="5"></font> </p>
<p><font size="5"> 不同的视角、光影。欣赏！</font></p> wow,每位先帝都有御笔在这里 好活动，好片儿，快手！ <p align="center"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p> <p align="center"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p> <p align="center"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>北京孔庙拍记照片完毕！</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"2.25pt 11.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">“万世师表”</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"2.25pt 11.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt">语出晋葛洪《神仙传》<span lang="EN-US">:“老子岂非乾坤<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #ff66ff; COLOR: black">所</span></b>定，万世<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #00aa00; COLOR: white">之</span></b>师哉！故庄周<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #00aa00; COLOR: white">之</span></b>徒，莫不以老子为宗也”。又《史记·孔子世家》:“天下君王至于贤人众矣，当时则荣，没则已焉。孔子布衣，使十余世，学者宗<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #00aa00; COLOR: white">之</span></b>。自天子王侯，中国言六艺者折中于孔子，可谓至圣矣”。两千多年来孔子被历代统治者尊为圣人、至圣先师。“万世师表”意为孔夫子永远是人们的老师。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"2.25pt 11.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><span lang="EN-US">“道洽大同”</span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">语出《礼记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">礼运》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">:“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大道<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #00aa00; COLOR: white">之</span></b>行也，天下为公。选贤与能，讲信修睦，故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">贷恶弃于地也，不必藏于已</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">；力恶其不出于身也，不必为已</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是谓大同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。道洽大同，颂扬儒学为人间正道<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #00aa00; COLOR: white">之</span></b>学，崇奉儒家学说成就大同世界。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span> <p><br/><br/>大成殿中黎元洪大总统所题之匾</p>
<p> </p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?><strong>政权更替<span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span>额易位</strong></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?><span lang="EN-US">1911年武昌起义推翻了清王朝，中华民国成立。不久，袁世凯窃取了革命成果，当上中华民国的大总统。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?><span lang="EN-US">1914年，当了三年大总统的袁世凯已经不满足于总统的地位，想更进一步做“皇帝”。于是，他效法清朝皇帝，也来孔庙举行祭孔大典，并亲书“大总统告令”，制成<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额命人挂在大成殿内正门上方，与“万世师表”<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额相对。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?>但不久，做了<span lang="EN-US">84天“皇帝梦”的袁世凯便在全国的声讨下一命呜呼了。继任的临时大总统<strong><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #99ff99">黎元洪</font></strong>来到孔庙，为了清除满清的影响，他下令将大成殿内清朝九位皇帝手书的<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额全部取下。同时效仿旧制亲自写了一块“道洽大同”<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额，悬挂在原康熙皇帝“万世师表”<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额的位置。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?>从<span lang="EN-US">1917年，到上世纪七十年代末的六十余年间，孔庙大成殿内只悬挂着袁世凯“大总统告令”和<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #99ff99; COLOR: black">黎元洪</span></b>“道洽大同”两块<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额。而清代皇帝的九块<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额，则被收藏到国子监里。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?><strong><span lang="EN-US">“万世师表”悬于殿外</span></strong></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?><span lang="EN-US">1979年，首都博物馆在孔庙成立，工作人员准备把大成殿恢复原状。但这11块<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额却成了一个令人头疼的问<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #880000; COLOR: white">题</span></b>。如果恢复清代的面貌，就应该把康熙“万世师表”<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额悬挂于大殿中央，两边依次悬挂另外八位皇帝御制的<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额。如果说按照袁世凯的做法，把他的“大总统告令”悬于大殿正门上方与“万世师表”相对，还可以施行的话。那么，<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #99ff99; COLOR: black">黎元洪</span></b>的“道洽大同”往哪儿摆呢？如果把它摘下来，又怎样保存呢？</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 22.5pt? TEXT-INDENT: 11.25pt; 2.25pt 0cm?>经过专家们反复研究，认为<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #99ff99; COLOR: black">黎元洪</span></b>的<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额是民国初年悬挂上去的，它反映了推翻满清建立民国的一段历史，保存它的原状也在情理<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #00aa00; COLOR: white">之</span></b>中。于是，就把<span lang="EN-US">“万世师表”<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #886800; COLOR: white">匾</span></b>额悬挂在大成殿外一层檐下大门上方的正中位置。这样，<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #ffff66; COLOR: black">北京孔庙</span></b>大成殿就形成了与全国<b><span style="BACKGROUND: #ff66ff; COLOR: black">所</span></b>有孔庙都不一样的一道景观——“万世师表”悬于殿外。</span></p> 好片，学习了！！ <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>凌一帆</i>在2010-11-26 15:59:00的发言：</b><br/>好片，学习了！！ </div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">学习不敢当！多谢欣赏！</font></strong></p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>大漠孤狼</i>在2010-11-26 17:12:00的发言：</b><br/>亮子锅恐怕是拍得最全滴一位咧！赞！ </div>
<p align="center"><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#808080" size="5">以量取胜！嘿嘿！</font></strong></p>
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