[原创]颐和园花承阁石座海兽寓意“九五之尊”
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000ff" face="微软雅黑"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"></span></font></p><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000ff" face="微软雅黑"><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑"><br/><br/><br/></font></b></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">在北京颐和园万寿山后山东部的山坡上,一座五彩斑斓精美的琉璃宝塔,这就是昔日花承阁的一部分。花承阁建于清乾隆十八年(公元</font></b></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">1753</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">年)是一组集寺庙,厅堂轩廊和山石园林相结合的一组别致的建筑群。主要由花承阁,六兼斋,多宝琉璃塔,莲座盘云佛殿等组成。花承阁以其楼,殿,塔,廊等形式构成的完整建筑群成为万寿山后山的重要园林点景建筑。 </font></b></span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">这组建筑被英法联军于</font></b></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">1860</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">年焚毁。至今除多宝琉璃宝塔尚存外,还有高达</font></b></span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="7" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">7</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">米</font></b></span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">、半径</font></b></span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">30</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">米</font></b></span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">的半月形高台。循高台中间的台阶上去,可见一座大型山石盆景,现在为了保护这座山石盆景已经用塑料板圈起来了。</font></b></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">盆景的基座很有特色,四面刻有海浪和数量不等的海兽。</font></b></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">海兽数量如下:东面</font></b></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">3</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">只,南面</font></b></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">4</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">只,西面</font></b></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">2</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">只,北面</font></b></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">5</font></b></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">只。</font></b></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></font></b></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: x-large" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">按南北和东西数量相加正是“九五之合”,即“阳爻高居九五,统帅其余五阴爻,诚所谓九五之尊”。这也许是巧合,也许是特意设计。我更相信讲究“有图必有意,有意多吉祥”乾隆爷是守规矩的,是不会随意点缀的。</font></b></span> </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" new?=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">(又)</font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span">这些藏于海浪中的海兽引起我的兴趣,这些毕竟不是凡间动物,实在难以叫出名来(请教这里的专家),很多书籍介绍时也就用个“吉祥海兽,或瑞兽等”。联想起明十三陵和清东西陵陵碑龟趺座下方基石上也有一些海兽,且称作“虾兵蟹将”。</span></font></span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-SIZE: x-large; FONT-WEIGHT: normal" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑"></font></b></span></span></font></span></p><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span">还有,再早一些的实物,今放在团城的元朝“渎山大玉海”上,和放在法源寺的“原大玉海汉白玉基座”都有一些海兽作装饰花纹,不管海兽的身子作了什么变化,从它们的头型还能猜出一二。(当然我下面注的并不是真正的“学名”)</span></font></span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-SIZE: x-large; FONT-WEIGHT: normal" class="Apple-style-span"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑"></font></b></span></span></font></span></p><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="微软雅黑">
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span">乾隆爷在这之前曾“钦定”了一系列的“吉祥图案”。花承阁山石盆景上的这些海兽一定是有名称和说法的。</span></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span">早几年颐和园佛香阁大修以后,我注意到两侧爬廊的檐梁上重新作了彩绘,并绘进很多“怪兽”,</span></font></span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"> </span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span">我相信这些画是有出处的。不过,这种大修太随意,太重复,缺乏认真的考证,且画工的水平实在糟糕,和</span></font></span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"> </span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span">“花承阁的海兽”技艺差得太远。(当然画工和石工无法比较)<br/></span></font></span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" roman"?="" new="New" new?="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:=""><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#993300"><span style="FONT-SIZE: large" class="Apple-style-span"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: xx-large" class="Apple-style-span"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">真希望有这方面的系统介绍</font></span></font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">(实物图文对照)</font></span></font></span></p></font></b>
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<p></p> 学习了. <p>图文介绍~顶~</p> <strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">翔实的图文,留有探讨余地。</font></strong> <p>我的理解;</p>
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<p>1.但他的名字叫花承阁,就注定了他是一个景观建筑,虽然有琉璃塔一座,又有琉璃塔一座,必定有将是一座风水建筑。</p>
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<p>2.此地无水或者说离水比较远,但石座大量运用了变形的水兽,而且有超出周边普通建筑的超高护坡台基。我个人不清楚</p>
<p> 但怀疑是因为一些风水原因。</p>
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<p>3.普通的水兽造型应该无外乎中式的海牛海面一类,如楼主引用的内容;</p>
<p> 但这里的不同,无论水浪的造型,和水兽的造型,有典型的欧式风格,最最有特点的是一条类似欧式喷火龙的翅膀,</p>
<p> 和一个类似海豹头一样的立体造型;这些传统中国人即便想象力再丰富,也不可能塑造出来。</p>
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<p>结论,这里是一处外国人,或者是外国人参与设计的起到弥补后山风水的风景建筑。</p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>tonyzengq</i>在2011-11-29 19:45:00的发言:</b><br/>想知道渎山大大玉海原在“真武庙”被发现。他的基座怎么跑到了法源寺? </div>
<p>它是元代原刻吗?</p> 想知道渎山大大玉海原在“真武庙”被发现。他的基座怎么跑到了法源寺? <p>谢谢吴老。我也注意到了法源寺石座的雕刻,还拍了照,回来后没有找时间去查查资料。</p>
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<p>元代汉白玉雕刻都比较精美、豪放。由于渎山大玉海在清乾隆时重雕,法源寺石座还保留着元代初刻的原样,十分珍贵。</p> <div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3">回复</font></b><b style="background-color: rgb(250, 253, 255); color: rgb(97, 183, 19); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; ">tonyzengq。</b></div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br/></font></b></div>您好,原来发过有关帖子:<u><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><a href="http://bbs.oldbeijing.org/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=30&ID=62956&replyID=&skin=1">法源寺石缽</a></font></u></font></b>
[此贴子已经被作者于2011-12-1 17:51:29编辑过] <font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b> 花承阁的太湖石是宋代皇家园林----艮岳中的观赏石,乾隆移此。须弥座的海兽俗称“海八怪”。</b></font><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><br/></b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b> 另法源寺石瓮的基座是元代的。</b></font></div>
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