[分享]有关南昌起义的一些史料（一）
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 24px" color="#ff0000">纪念南昌起义83周年！</font></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font color="#ff0000" size="5"></font> </p>
<p> </p><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">一、</span></font><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">八一<span lang="EN-US">”</span>南昌起义培育出众多的中国人民解放军的高级将领。</span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span lang="EN-US">1955</span>年授衔的十大元帅中，朱德、刘伯承、贺龙、陈毅、</span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">聂荣臻、叶剑英、林彪共七位元帅曾参与这次起义。<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">朱德，时任国民革命军第五方面军总参议、第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>军军官教育团团长兼南昌公安局长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">林彪，黄埔四期学生，时任国民革命军第<span lang="EN-US">11</span>军第<span lang="EN-US">25</span>师<span lang="EN-US">73</span>团<span lang="EN-US">2</span>营<span lang="EN-US">7</span>连连长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">刘伯承，时任国民革命军暂编<span lang="EN-US">15</span>军军长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">贺龙，时为国民革命军<span lang="EN-US">20</span>军军长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">陈毅，时任<span lang="EN-US">73</span>团党代表。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">聂荣臻，原黄埔军校政治教官，奉周恩来之命担任起义的前敌军委书记。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">叶剑英，时任国民革命军第二方面军第<span lang="EN-US">4</span>军参谋长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">十位大将中有栗裕、陈赓、张云逸、许光达等四位大将来自南昌起义的</font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">主要部队。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">粟裕，时任国民革命军<span lang="EN-US">11</span>军<span lang="EN-US">24</span>师教导大队班长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">陈赓，黄埔一期学生，时任国民革命军第<span lang="EN-US">20</span>军<span lang="EN-US">3</span>师<span lang="EN-US">6</span>团<span lang="EN-US">2</span>营营长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">张云逸</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">，时任第四军</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">师参谋长，未暴露身份公开参加起义。</span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">他说服张发奎，让共产党员卢德铭出任第二方面军警卫团团长，</span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">这个团虽然没有赶上南昌起义，却在后来参加了秋收起义。</span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">南昌起义当天，张云逸还掩护了共产党员、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">师</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">73</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">团团长周士第，使起义部队又多了一支生力军。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">许光达，黄埔五期学生，时任国民革命军第二方面军直属炮兵营见习排长。</font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font size="3">他没能参加南昌起义，却追上了起义军。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><pre style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <pre style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>在长期的战争中，许多曾参与南昌起义的重要将领未能看到最后胜利。如北伐名将，</span></pre><pre style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">起义前任第十一军副军长，兼任第二十四师师长的叶挺，他率领的第二十四师是</span></pre><pre style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">南昌起义的主力部队之一，起义后叶挺任前敌总指挥，抗战期间曾任新四军军长，</span></pre><pre style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span lang="EN-US">1946</span>年<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月<span lang="EN-US">8</span>日因飞机失事遇难。<pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">很多人也许都听过这首歌，<span lang="EN-US">“</span>打倒列强，打倒列强，除军阀，除军阀！</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">国民革命成功，国民革命成功，齐欢唱，齐欢唱！<span lang="EN-US">” </span>这首名为</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">《国民革命歌》的歌曲曾唱遍大江南北，其歌词作者廖乾五南昌起义前任第四军政治部主任，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">中将军衔，起义后任第二十军党代表<span lang="EN-US">(</span>军长是贺龙<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，兼任总政治部秘书长、宣传委员会委员，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span lang="EN-US">1930</span>年在长沙被国民党逮捕，秘密处决。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">彭干臣，北伐中曾任叶挺独立团作战参谋，武昌卫戍司令部参谋长<span lang="EN-US">(</span>叶挺兼任司令<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">南昌起义开始后，彭干臣率领所部迅速占领国民党公安局及其哨所，随即在公安局设立</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">南昌卫戍司令部。南昌起义的第二天，彭干臣被任命为南昌公安局局长兼卫戍司令。</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span lang="EN-US">1935</span>年在随方志敏率领的红军第十军团北上途中英勇牺牲。</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">周子昆，任职于国民革命军第二方面军<span lang="EN-US">11</span>军。南昌起义后追随朱德去了湘南。</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">后任新四军副参谋长。<span lang="EN-US">1941</span>年于皖南事变中牺牲。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">卢冬生，时任国民革命军<span lang="EN-US">20</span>军<span lang="EN-US">3</span>师<span lang="EN-US">6</span>团<span lang="EN-US">2</span>营营部副官。会昌战斗后护送陈赓去了上海。</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">后去湘鄂西追随贺龙，成为红二军团高级将领。抗战时任八路军<span lang="EN-US">120</span>师<span lang="EN-US">358</span>旅旅长，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">因受反军阀主义斗争牵连，赴苏联学习军事。<span lang="EN-US">1945</span>年随苏联红军回到东北，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">任松东军区司令员。<span lang="EN-US">1945</span>年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月<span lang="EN-US">13</span>日，卢冬生在外出途中遭几名苏联红军抢劫。</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">在表明身份后，苏军士兵怕受处罚，突然开枪将他杀害。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">由于历史的阴差阳错，一些曾参与南昌起义的将领却最终没有能在我军的军旗下</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">走完自己的军旅生涯。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">蔡廷锴是·以<span lang="EN-US">“</span>一二八淞沪抗战<span lang="EN-US">”</span>而闻名的抗日名将。南昌起义前任第十师师长，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">起义时蔡在庐山开会<span lang="EN-US">(</span>那次会议上讨论剥夺叶挺和贺龙军权的计划，时任第二方面</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">军第四军参谋长的中共秘密党员叶剑英把情报泄露出去，叶、贺乃率部起义<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">蔡廷锴在会议结束后见全师已经南下南昌，他没有办法，只有追上部队，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">回十师还当师长兼十一军副军长。但在南下时，因认识的局限性，蔡廷锴率部队</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">脱离起义军。后曾任国民党军军长、集团军总司令等职。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">侯镜如，八一南昌起义时，任贺龙第二十军教导团团长，起义爆发后，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">率部担任第二十军的前锋，奋力击溃国民党第七十九团，歼敌千余名，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">为震惊中外的南昌起义做出重要贡献。<span lang="EN-US">1931</span>年，因顾顺章叛变，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">在上海的中共中央机关受到很大破坏，侯镜如与党组织失去联系，</span></pre><pre style="TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; BACKGROUND: white; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">后曾任国民党军长、兵团司令等职。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></pre></o:p></span></span></pre></span></span></pre></font></pre> 党与枪共成长
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