lml004 发表于 2010-6-27 21:17:00

前门楼子九丈九(下)

<p>&nbsp;<font face="Verdana">前门楼子九丈九(下)</font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">专车队队前门站</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">一九三三年二月六日鲁迅在《申报</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">自由谈》上,以何家干的笔名,针对抗战时期政府当局以<span lang="EN-US">"</span>文化城<span lang="EN-US">"</span>的借口把北平<span lang="EN-US">"</span>让<span lang="EN-US">"</span>给了日本人,剥唐人崔颢《黄鹤楼》作了一首诗:“阔人已骑文化去,此地空余文化城。文化一去不复返,古城千载冷清清。专车队队前门站,晦气重重大学生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">日薄榆关何处抗,烟花场上没人惊。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman??><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">前门站,<span style="LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">现在北京人称之为前门老火车站,它真正的名字应叫</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">京奉铁路正阳门东车站</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">一百年来他确乎是进出北京的门户。<span style="LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">是旧时全国最大的火车站,车站站房建筑面积<span lang="EN-US">3500</span>平方米。站内三座站台,长度<span lang="EN-US">377</span>米,候车室总面积达<span lang="EN-US">1500</span>平方米,</span>京奉铁路(又称关内外铁路<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,干线长<span lang="EN-US">842</span>公里,其最早的路段时是<span lang="EN-US">1881</span>年建成的唐胥铁路,。<span lang="EN-US">1898</span>年<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月正式开始建设,<span lang="EN-US">1907</span>年<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月改称京奉铁路。<span lang="EN-US">1898</span>年<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月,清政府又将它修通至奉天(今称沈阳)主要请英国工程师金达设计的,车站是欧洲风格,而有些信号楼(东便门)等却是日本风格,大约因为金达的妻子是日本人,金达在日本也住过一段时间的缘故吧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">到了<span lang="EN-US">1914</span>年初,北洋政府为了解决京城粮煤的运输问题,又命交通部建设环城铁路,环城铁路起点西直门站<span lang="EN-US">(</span>今天的北京北站<span lang="EN-US">)</span>沿着北京城墙与护城河之间,经过德胜门、安定门、东直门、朝阳门到东便门与京奉铁路<span lang="EN-US">(</span>今天的京沈铁路<span lang="EN-US">)</span>接轨,再向西过崇文门就是前门车站了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">车站往往给人留下更多的回忆,前门车站更是如此。近百年来,中国有多少名人经行此处,真的不可胜计。翻开他们的日记,都清楚记载着,某年某月某日,到前门车站,某年某月某日在前门站乘车离开北京。据说当初,沈从文从北京前门车站下车后,跺一跺脚,大声说道:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">北平!我来征服你了!</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">然后便大步走进了北京城。<span lang="EN-US">1942</span>年<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月,程砚秋由上海经天津回到北京。当他和几个随行人员刚刚走下前门车站的站台时,一群伪警察冲上前对他无礼,没想到程砚秋几个招式下来就将四个伪警察打得屁滚尿流。以致后来形成北京的名言:好武功不如烂戏子。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我母亲老家在东北,我随同父母几次往返京沈都是在这里上下车,记得那时东北属伪满洲国,经过山海关就是过“过境线”了,要过境检查,兑换货币等。父亲总是要骂上几句:“小日本真不是东西。”到了<span lang="EN-US">1959</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日,位于北京东城方巾巷新北京站开通运营,老火车站才完成了它作为铁路车站的历史使命。上世纪<span lang="EN-US">60</span>年代初,老车站首先被改造成铁道部的科技馆,不久之后又被收归北京铁路局,改建成北京铁路工人文化宫,候车室则被改造成剧场使用多年。其实,很长一段时间这里是北京全国铁路客票售票处,在出行难的上个世纪,不少人会记得在这里排队买票的情景。直至上世纪<span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代,建成老车站商城。北京市人民政府<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">7</span>月<span lang="EN-US">12</span>日公布,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">京奉铁路正阳门东车站旧址</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">北京市文物保护单位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。车站现为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">北京铁路博物馆</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,我每到此都要驻足观看,使人感到欣慰的是:车站作为与之相关的博物馆,可谓物得其所了,感觉遗憾的是,在翻修时屋顶没有完全按原样建造,百年以后会不会给人以错觉呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">情系大碗茶</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">旧时的茶馆有多种,据说有<span style="LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">书、酒、清、野</span>之分,直至上世纪中叶,北京仍然保留着那种不改慢节奏、无需多破费的茶饮之风。和北京的几位老者聊天,他们十分怀念旧时的茶馆,他们说,三五好友聚在一起,海阔天空东拉西扯,毛八分的就能消磨一整天。即使不属于有闲的人,不管您是匆匆赶路的行人,还是拉车卖力的壮工,赶上赤日炎炎的夏日,一样可以在城门洞口、在马路边遇到卖大碗茶的,投下二分钱,来个一饮而尽,您有暇可以坐下来与卖茶的或喝茶的聊上几句,如无暇,说声谢谢,您就忙您的。现在北京茶馆越来越多了,一个一个都装修考究,古雅斑斓的,不仅有雀舌仙露,更有皓腕蛾眉,人称为高档享受,不复当年大众消费。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">能够称之为既具有旧时大碗茶遗风,又具有当今时尚型享受的,当属前门老舍茶馆<span lang="EN-US">——</span>一个当年名满京城的前门大碗茶知青创业典型。上个世纪七十、八十年代,上山下乡返城的知识青年和城市新增的无业青年的如何就业成了北京的一件大事。当时,在那个年代,国家干部、国企工人是令人羡慕的好职业,被称为端上了铁饭碗,可是这些地方早已人满为患。党和政府也提倡创业,广大待业青年希望有人带领他们创业,当时一位身为宣武区大栅栏街道办事处干部的尹盛喜,他感慨当时社会上:“一大堆事没人干,又一大堆人没事干”的状况,<span lang="EN-US">1979</span>年,毅然决然辞掉了街道办事处干部工作,扔下了被人羡慕的铁饭碗,他带领十多个待业知青开始在前门、大栅栏一带支上茶摊,卖起北京人爱喝的大碗茶。每碗二分钱的大碗茶不仅为过往前门地区的人群提供了一个喝茶歇脚的方便,而且成为当时待业青年们创业的典型。1988年底,他们又在前门楼子脚下,在进入中国的第一家肯德基店旁边,建立了老舍茶馆,几年后,孟继明和<span lang="EN-US">27</span>名待业青又在朝阳区开了一家名叫利康的烤鸭店,更创出当时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">送鸭上门,服务到家</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的业务,还成立了利康搬家公司,现在他们的北京大碗茶商贸集团公司,大碗茶店就有营业面积<span lang="EN-US">3300</span>多平方米,内设演出大厅、品珍楼、茶庄、四合茶院和新京调茶餐坊。在这古香古色、京味十足的环境里,宾客可以听悠扬的古筝,看精湛的茶艺表演,品馨香的好茶,以及各式宫廷细点、北京传统风味小吃、京味佳肴茶宴和宫廷茶宴;还可以欣赏到来自曲艺、戏剧等各界名流的精彩表演。开业以来,老舍茶馆已接待了包括美国前总统布什、前国务卿基辛格,俄罗斯前总理普里马科夫,德国前总理科尔,日本前首相海部俊树,丹麦首相拉斯穆森、柬埔寨首相洪森等<span lang="EN-US">70</span>余位外国首脑、众多社会名流和<span lang="EN-US">300</span>多万中外游客,已然成为展示民族文化精品的特色</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">窗口</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">和连接国内外友谊的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">桥梁</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2003</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月,六十六岁的尹盛喜在京逝世,似乎,大碗茶和他的大碗茶商店,代表着一种文化,一种精神,因为三十年时光飞逝,今天,在前门老舍茶馆,仍然在卖着二分钱一碗的大碗茶。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">旧貌与新颜</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">前门就是北京的象征,前门就是北京的缩影,难怪很多地方将前门列为北京的标志了。前门的经历似乎与北京的经历、与中国的经历息息相关。清乾隆四十五年(<span lang="EN-US">1780</span>年),道光二十九年(<span lang="EN-US">1849</span>年),箭楼两度失火被毁。清光绪二十六年(<span lang="EN-US">1900</span>年),八国联军入侵北京时正阳门城楼、箭楼的门楼被焚毁,我们在历史图片中不难看到当时的当时前门伤残破败之惨状。次年“慈禧回銮”,太后和皇帝要从这里回京,然而国都的正门又如此不堪入目,毕竟有损国威、国体和国格,<span lang="EN-US">——</span>尽管当时已丧失殆尽。时间有限,财政拮据,临时令北京</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">扎棚匠</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在城楼上搭起</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">假牌楼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。真不知慈禧、光绪经过时做何感想。在<span lang="EN-US">1901</span>年清政府开始修缮箭楼,由于战乱,正阳门图纸丢失,只好照着西直门和崇文门施工,<span lang="EN-US">1906</span>年竣工。<span lang="EN-US">1915</span>年改建正阳门箭楼,正阳门瓮城月墙及东西闸门被拆除。<span lang="EN-US">1976</span>年唐山地震,箭楼严重受损,北京市文物主管部门对箭楼进行全面大修。<span lang="EN-US">1989</span>年北京市正阳门管理处集资<span lang="EN-US">160</span>万元,将正阳门箭楼修饰一新,<span lang="EN-US">1990</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月<span lang="EN-US">21</span>日正式对游人开放。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">2005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年,前门城楼和箭楼重修,本次重修是百年以来规模最大的一次,而且距<span lang="EN-US">1906</span>年的重建,恰好一百周年。重修前门据说北京市政府共投入资金一千万元,是按照<span lang="EN-US">1914</span>年朱启钤提出的《修改前三门城垣》方案进行的。施工中对墙体的裂缝进行先打孔用钢铰线拉紧裂缝,再浇灌碳纤维的新技术新工艺。对下沉的檐角,斗拱外闪、檐口进行了调整。修缮中使用的<span lang="EN-US">8000</span>多块大城砖全部专门订做,出厂的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">毛砖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">全部经过</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">五扒皮</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,机磨砖对缝传统工艺,即城砖的六个面至少五个面经过再加工,确保砌砖过程中误差不超过<span lang="EN-US">2</span>毫米。油漆彩绘全部按照历史原貌重新进行油饰彩绘。严格采用了传统“两麻六灰”工艺。彩画贴金全部使用含金量<span lang="EN-US">98</span>%的“库金”是真正的“硬活”共使用了<span lang="EN-US">50</span>具</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">库金</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">一具为<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>张<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,贴金面积达<span lang="EN-US">435</span>平方米。城楼下新设立了零公里公路起点标志,城楼里添加了,一个刻着由卫星定位测量出来的前门经纬度以及正阳门距永定门、天安门和太和殿的距离的罗盘。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">广大好事者对重修后的前门,似乎都一致表示称赞,因为它符合人们记忆中的传统符号的样子。但是,对于前门大街的改造却招来更多的非议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">2007</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">酝酿已久的北京前门大街两侧修缮改造工程启动</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> 2009</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年<span lang="EN-US">5</span>月,北京前门大街道路改造施工正式完工。封闭两年的前门大街,终于在北京举办的第二十九届奥运会前夕现出自己的庐山真面目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">改造后的前门大街将于北京奥运会开幕前正式开放迎客。五牌楼,老字号,当当车,人们在观赏,在议论,在叹息。不得不承认,前门大街的改造没有将过去的、优秀的、不可替代的一些风格景物继承下来,人们对改造后的前门大街陌生了,人们似乎接受了“前门大街已经成为历史”的判断,而不愿意将眼前的前门大街和历史上的前门大街联系起来。尤其是珠市口南,正个让人感觉十分陌生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">大栅栏地区改造尚且没有完工,至今仍在施工中,但愿不要失去太多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times new=" ZH-CN? mso-fareast-language: Roman?; New?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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