左慈戏曹 发表于 2010-6-7 05:23:00

[原创]埃及游:门侬巨像和卢克索神庙

门农巨像是矗立在尼罗河西岸和帝王谷之间原野上的两座岩石巨像。原来是阿梅诺菲斯三世(前1408---1372,中国为商朝)法老神殿前的雕像,但神殿本身已无踪影。巨象高18米,风化严重,面部已不可辨识。坐像身后,原来是阿梅诺菲斯三世的葬祭殿,但前27年的地震破坏了神庙。后来的法老拆了这座建筑,并把他做为自己的建筑物的石料。到了托勒密王朝时代,建筑物已经完全被破坏了。<br/>人们认为石像是希腊神话中的门农的雕像,就给石像取名为门农像。地震使雕像出现了裂缝。每当起风的时候,门农像就像在唱歌一样,十分神奇。但后来经过修补之后的门农像,就再也没有唱过歌。

左慈戏曹 发表于 2010-6-7 05:24:00

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左慈戏曹 发表于 2010-6-7 05:25:00

<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 29pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">卢克索神庙是古埃及第十八王朝的第十九个法老阿梅诺菲斯三世为祭奉太阳神阿蒙、他的妃子及儿子月亮神而修建的。到第十八王朝后期,又经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/19781.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font color="#3366cc">拉美西斯二世</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">扩建,形成现今留存下来的规模。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">卢克索神庙长262米,宽56米,由塔门、庭院、柱厅、方尖碑、放生池和诸神殿构成。塔门是神庙的主要入口。在塔门两侧矗立着六尊拉美西斯二世的巨石雕像,其中靠塔门两侧的两尊高达14米,但是让人可惜的是现在只剩下两尊雕像了。进入塔门的东北角是太阳神</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/163190.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font color="#3366cc">阿蒙</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">庙。</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"></span></p>
<div style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA"> </span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">穿进圆柱门,是阿梅诺菲斯三世的柱廊庙,三面由双层柱廊环绕。残存的遗迹中有一幅浮雕,描绘了法老由神引导步入圣殿的情景。中央大厅东面的降生室,实际上是一个小型礼拜堂,四周石壁上的浮雕描绘着穆伊亚女王和阿蒙太阳神象征性结婚,以及他们在女神帮助下,降生王子时的情景。庭院四周3面建有双排雅致的似纸草捆扎状的石柱,柱顶呈弧形花序状,十分优美。北部入口处是造型独特的柱廊,柱子共14根,每根约16米高。公元前1290~1224年,是第十九王朝的第三位国王拉美西斯二世法老在位时期。拉美西斯二世是埃及历史上颇有名望的一位国王,他具有雄才大略,喜欢南征北战,也喜欢大兴土木,全生建树颇多。在正史和野史上,有关他的记载不少。他在世时征集了大量人力、物力和财力,对卢克索神庙进行了一番修饰。游人一来到这里,立刻就感到他的存在。在神庙塔门两旁,耸立着两尊高14米的坐像,这就是拉美西斯二世的雕像,神庙墙上的浮雕生动地描述了他执政初期与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/163776.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font color="#3366cc">赫梯</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">人作战的情景。左右两边的浮雕构成一幅完整的组画。左边的画面描绘了当时的军营生活、战前召开军事会议及法老御驾亲征、在战车上指挥战斗的情况。右边的画面栩栩如生地描绘了这位法老如何向敌人发动进攻、弯弓射箭的动作及赫梯人溃逃的情景。在拉美西斯庭院里,石柱中立有一尊石雕像,这正是拉美西斯二世法老。旁边的石壁上镌刻着一些浮雕和文字,叙述了举行庆典仪式的情形。柱旁石璧上浮雕描绘了新年之际</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">圣船</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">队从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/111701.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font color="#3366cc">卡纳克</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/42125.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font color="#3366cc">卢克索</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">往返的盛况。古埃及人信仰的太阳神阿蒙一家分乘4条船,由法老和祭师陪同,从卡纳克神庙出发,身卢克索神庙进发,尼罗河两岸浩大的队伍,跟船同行,歌舞相伴,气氛十分热烈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">圣船</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: en-Us; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-language: Ar-sA">一到卢克索神庙,便开始烹牛宰羊,群臣欢宴的场面热闹非凡。石碑原为一对,另一座于1831年被移走,现立在法国协和广场。</span></div>

左慈戏曹 发表于 2010-6-7 05:27:00

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左慈戏曹 发表于 2010-6-7 05:29:00

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大-贝-勒NO20 发表于 2010-6-7 18:14:00

这在外国建筑史教科书上是重点
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