从广德楼、连阔如谈茶馆文化
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">从广德楼、连阔如谈茶馆文化<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"> </span></span></b></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">北京旧时的茶馆有多种,有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">书、酒,清、野</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">之分。小点的茶馆,临街一室,备有简易桌凳,有的兼卖酒菜,谓之“茶酒馆”,茶客只需破费些许零钱,泡上一壶“高碎”,或闲话,或对弈,无所事事打发时光;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">规模较大的茶馆建有戏台,下午和晚上有评书、相声、大鼓等曲艺或戏曲演出,茶客据桌而坐,沏上一盖碗香片,买点瓜子点心,既可埋头独饮,亦可欣赏品评演出;当然,逢三伏酷暑,还有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">在马路边的茶摊,投下錋子儿,端起粗瓷大碗,来个一饮而尽,有暇您可以坐下来与卖茶的或喝茶的聊上几句,如无暇,说声谢谢,您就忙您的。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">大栅栏里最有名的茶馆要数“广德楼”了,提起“广德楼”不要说在北京,就是在全国也属悠久而辉煌的,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">广德楼建于清中期,有人推断最晚不晚于<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1796</span>年,根据是:崇文门外精忠庙扩建,其中<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>喜神殿<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>的重修得到了京城二十一家戏园子的倾囊相助,京西戒台寺重修罗汉金装尊者等塑像时,京城又有十二家戏园子解囊相助,在修庙碑文里,广德楼始终名列其中。因此可以说,广德楼是与世界著名的莫斯科大剧院、斯卡拉剧院、巴黎歌剧院同一时期建成并现今依然演出的古老场所</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">早先,广德楼地产属陈姓,清朝末年绥远将军贻谷的儿子钟志谨是其房东。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">后来,钟志谨犯事了,被刑部拿问,房产就押给了施侯府中,施侯是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">京城著名票友,民国初年,施侯成为广德楼园主。上世纪三四十年代,广德楼以<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">18000</span>银元售予一果姓名伶,著名武生俞菊笙亦曾是广德楼的股东之一。现在,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">不少人认为“广德楼”是戏院,认为这里是戏曲祖师爷、名伶大腕们施展才艺迅速走红的宝地。程长庚、余紫云、梅巧玲、余三胜、汪桂芬等京剧祖师爷以及后来的“喜连成”、“双庆社”、“斌庆社”等著名科班都曾先后在此长期献艺。其实早先北京人一直管“广德楼”叫“广德楼茶园”,旧时高级茶社本来就有曲艺戏曲演出的内容。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">广德楼里,整个园子分上下两层,皆有茶座。棚式戏台砖木结构,坐东朝西,略呈方形,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">前台后台,有上下场两门相通,门上分别有“出将”、“入相”匾额。戏台三面有低矮的栏杆,台顶由四角明柱支撑,上有藻井,前面柱上的对联是:“忠义昭千古,试看一片丹心,共振今世;霓裳咏同日,共听九霄余韵,久在行云<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>,横额写的是<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>和平以广德音是茂<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>。桌椅都是长条形的,与戏台垂直排列。即看戏的人面对面坐着,侧向舞台。没有电灯的时候,戏台上以汽灯照明。由于整个场地既是茶园,又是剧场,难免有些噪杂混乱,台上唱念作打忙得不亦乐乎,台下乱乱哄哄,卖香烟的,卖点心小吃的游来串去,有人记载说夏天来此,“汗出如浆,烦闷不复可耐”。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">广德楼在北京场地火,人气旺,然而也多灾多难,<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">100</span>多年以来,广德楼历经三次大火,三次重修。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1900</span>年火劫重修后的第<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">5</span>年,法国百代电影制片公司来京,租借广德楼,拍下了由杨小楼主演的《金钱豹》及何佩亭主演的《火判官》两部京剧影片,在京造成轰动。坤伶老生恩晓峰入京后男女同台的首场演出也在广德楼登场。到了上世纪<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1912</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">年</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">,又有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">两次名角盛会</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">一场是名角荟萃的《(虫八)蜡庙》,有谭鑫培、杨小楼、俞振庭、梅兰芳、张毓庭、贾洪林、王蕙芳等人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">同台亮相,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">另一场是坤伶老生恩晓峰进京,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">在此举行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">首演</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">她反串净角《盗御马》中的窦尔敦,令京城戏迷们大开眼界。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年代,名角俞振庭的斌庆社常驻广德楼。王少楼、李万春、俞华庭等名家亦汇聚于此。广德楼每月初一到初四是四喜班演出,初五到初八是瑞和成班,初九至十二轮到三庆班,一直到月末三十是春台班。 </span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">新中国成立后,广德楼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">划归北京市曲艺团,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">改成了专演曲艺的“北京曲艺厅”。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">四十年代,一次大火后化为废墟。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1953</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">年,北京市文化局筹资翻建</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">政府拨给旧币<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</span>万元作为修缮费,费用不够,曲艺团里的一些老艺人便自发<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>凑份儿<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>。琴书泰斗关学曾老人在<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1953</span>年还与同事们一起从家里搬来木头门板,在剧场里自己动手搭起五百多张木板座位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">初建时剧场和剧团实行场团合一,人们</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">习惯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">称之为“前门小剧场”</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1985</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">年前门小剧场局部修建后改名为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">北京曲艺厅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">,胡絜青为曲艺厅书写了匾额。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">解放初期,小剧场的曲艺演出每天从中午<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">12</span>点以后开始,到晚上八九点结束。由于演出特别火爆,剧场不得不<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>计时收费<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>,每<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">10</span>分钟收<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</span>分钱。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">许多著名曲艺家如连阔如、侯宝林、郭启儒、高德明、王长友、孙宝才、王世臣、高凤山、罗荣寿、刘司昌、关学曾、梁厚民,以及后来的李金斗、笑林、李国盛等纷纷登台亮相。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2002</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri" XML:LANG="EN-US">年广德楼恢复原名,剧场东侧新建了舞台,座位从板椅改成了软垫靠椅,西侧还建起了楼上楼下各一排南北走向的包间。除了整座剧场翻修外,在剧场的门外还新立着一座小型的曲艺博物馆,里面陈列着许多曲艺行当里的老照片。现在每周六的下午,广德楼的票友会在此演出;周日下午则是曲艺团的曲艺表演。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 22pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在广德楼赢得名声,倾倒观众的艺界名流中,我们特别要提出著名评书艺术家连阔如。除了连阔如本人有炉火纯青的艺术造诣以外,还应该看到广德楼是至今保留茶馆遗风,不改大众消费的娱乐场所,而茶馆又历来与评书艺术相伴生,茶馆与评书似乎生来就结成不解之缘。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 22pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">连阔如,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">北京人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">,他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">原名毕连寿,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在五十年代初,他经常在广德楼演出,为北京百姓留下了难忘的印象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">连阔如</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">勤奋好学,多才多艺,蓑笠翁评价他:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">一生坎坷,一生磊落;半是辉煌,半是萧索;来的嫌晚,去的恨早;生得凄然,死得落寞。连阔如少年时代便闯荡江湖,历尽酸辛,后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">拜李杰恩学评书,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">又拜武侠“醉鬼张三”为师,钻研武艺。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1933</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">年开始在天津的《时言报》、《民声报》、《立言报》上发表评书小说《西汉演义》等。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">他还任过报社编辑,著有长篇小说《江湖丛谈》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">记录了北方江湖艺人和平民市场的大量资料</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。他早在三十年代开广播电台演播评书的先河,数十年间听众以亿万记。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">抗日战争爆发以后在北平、天津等地说书,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">并</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在琉璃厂开办<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>连阔如广告社<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>,在电台承包广告时段,被推举为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">北平广告同业公会理事长</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,是中国曲艺界有史以来的第一位广告经纪人。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1938</span>年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">曾应尚小云的邀请,为荣春社排演</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">全部《东汉》说戏。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">他还研究《易经》,曾是赫赫有名的占卜先生,以<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>乐天居士<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>的名号开命馆、批八字。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">中华人民共和国成立后,任北京戏剧界艺人讲习班主任委员。创立前门箭楼大众游艺社,自任社长。1951年任赴朝鲜慰问团戏曲服务队大队长。归国后多次到北京大学、中国戏曲学院、中国科学院讲学。历任全国政协委员、中国文联委员、中国戏曲研究会副主席、北京市文联常任理事、北京市人大代表</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">他多次受到周恩来总理的赞赏和关照,被毛泽东主席表扬。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">北京人喜</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">爱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">评书,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">在没有广播电台的时代主要靠茶馆。茶馆遍布北京四城,听书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">讲究听连、品、赵、王四大名家的评书</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">连阔如的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">东汉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">、品正三的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">隋唐</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">、赵英颇的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">聊斋</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">和王杰的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">三侠五义</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">》)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">。连阔如擅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">说《三国》、《东周列国志》、《西汉》、《东汉》、《隋唐》。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">精通历史,对陈寿的《三国志》倒背如流,家藏各朝代《三国演义》的版本有四十余种。连阔如的评书章法严密、嗓亮音宽、气魄宏大,尤重讲评,被</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">誉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">既有学者风范,又有诗人气质</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">的一代评书大师</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">。他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">创立了以说史为主、自成一体的连派风格,享有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">净街净巷连阔如,家家户户听评书</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">”的社会评价</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">不幸的是,连阔如晚景凄凉。自<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1957</span>年被错划成右派直至<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span>文革<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span>后期病逝,他一直被冤屈,被零落,甚至渐渐被人们忘记了。至今只有广德楼里可以看到他的生平介绍。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <wbr> <wbr></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 22pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">要说广德楼归属曲艺界,又不改品茗休闲,赏心娱乐的性质确是适得其所,无论如何,工作之余,一边喝茶,一边瞪着眼镜看成本大套锣鼓铿锵的戏剧,终不如在小杯微饮中,让眼放松,只需用用耳朵,既避免寂静无聊,闷头独坐的落寞,又成全放缓生活节奏,求的心神闲适的需求,来的更为惬意。尤其在现代,很多人工作就是眼盯电脑,休息了就不要再给眼增加负担。所以喝茶本应该和音乐、话语联姻,曲艺属说唱文化,什么相声、单弦、评弹之类都与品茶相和谐,特别是评书,历来与茶馆结合紧密,“湖明居听书”“柳敬亭词话”不能说不是享受啊。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 22pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">广德楼正追寻这种遗风。同时在大栅栏地区还有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">前门老舍茶馆——一个当年名满京城的前门大碗茶知青创业典型,也在追寻这种遗风。大碗茶店有营业面积<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">3300</span>多平方米,也设有演出大厅,在这古香古色、京味十足的环境里,宾客可以听古筝,曲艺、戏曲清唱。开业以来,老舍茶馆已接待了包括美国前总统布什、前国务卿基辛格,俄罗斯前总理普里马科夫,德国前总理科尔,日本前首相海部俊树,丹麦首相拉斯穆森、柬埔寨首相洪森等<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">70</span>余位外国首脑、众多社会名流和<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">300</span>多万中外游客,已然成为展示民族文化精品的特色“窗口”和连接国内外友谊的“桥梁”。最为可贵的是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">今天,在前门老舍茶馆,仍然<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">在卖着二分钱一碗的大碗茶。令人遗憾的是这两个茶馆都缺少出色的评书艺人。</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn">如果说茶馆是一种文化,一种精神,现在似乎已万事具备只欠东风了,只盼望出现柳敬亭、连阔如那样的评书艺术家。</span></p> ho <font face="楷体_GB2312" size="5">上世纪50年代前门小剧场经常上演的节目:王世臣、赵玉贵的相声《闹公堂》《汾河湾》《卖布头》罗荣寿、李桂山的相声《黄鹤楼》《大审案》;高凤山、王学义的快板《杨志卖刀》《同仁堂》;关学曾的北京琴书《鞭打芦花》;曹宝禄的连珠快书《蜈蚣岭》;姚俊英、马玉萍的河南坠子等,至今记忆犹新。</font> 不知讲评书的袁阔成先生目下如何?尚在否? 说得好!文革前前门小剧场火爆异常,现在的广德楼装修豪华,令人望而却步.连先生在57年前在中央人民广播电台连续说<三国><东汉><水浒><列国>,老少皆宜.惜"按比例"划成"右派".现在女连丽如继承父业,但仍显功力不如乃父. <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>lml004</i>在2010-6-6 5:43:00的发言:</b><br/>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn" lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <wbr></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 22pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.25pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-Cn; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">要说广德楼归属曲艺界,又不改品茗休闲,赏心娱乐的性质确是适得其所,无论如何,工作之余,一边喝茶,一边瞪着眼镜看成本大套锣鼓铿锵的戏剧,终不如在小杯微饮中,让眼放松,只需用用耳朵,既避免寂静无聊,闷头独坐的落寞,又成全放缓生活节奏,求的心神闲适的需求,来的更为惬意。尤其在现代,很多人工作就是眼盯电脑,休息了就不要再给眼增加负担。所以喝茶本应该和音乐、话语联姻,曲艺属说唱文化,什么相声、单弦、评弹之类都与品茶相和谐,特别是评书,历来与茶馆结合紧密,“湖明居听书”“柳敬亭词话”不能说不是享受啊。</span></p></div>
<p><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f9f9f9" face="宋体">对极了,现在所谓的享受基本上都累眼睛,想让耳朵享享清福,难。满世界噪音。</font></p>
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