[原创]戏说烧饼
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">今日起床甚早,天未大亮之时在一烧饼铺吃烧饼夹肉两个,小米粥一碗,精神大好,忽作幽古之思,记之。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">芝麻酱烧饼:半发面,饼上粘满芝麻,饼瓤抹麻酱,撒椒盐后卷折,故而多层。先在铛上烙近半熟,再放入炉膛中烤之,出炉后外焦里嫩,酥软可口。味微咸,直径约两寸。回民、汉民经营此种面食者极为普遍。当年称早点铺为烧饼铺,有些饭馆也焙烧饼用以佐餐,如较大的回民饭馆每年立秋后经营烤、涮羊肉者,其主食多为烧饼。——钮隽、老北京的各种烧饼。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">在搜索栏里敲入“烧饼”一词结果有<span lang="EN-US">868000项。土家掉渣烧饼唱主角,武大郎也偶尔露脸帮个忙,还有黄桥镇政府的领导们弄了个烧饼节,据说只办了一届。小小的烧饼整出这么大的动静,让我徒生市只知魏晋,不知有汉的感慨。 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">先说说历史。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">饼是并的意思,是用面粉调和使它合并的一种食品。山西古称并州,山西的面食是中国一绝。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">饼的名称起于汉代。汉郑司农云:“酡食以酒为饼”。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">主要有三大类:蒸饼,宋黄庭坚:“起胶饼盖今炊饼”,起胶既是发酵,既是今日之发面,炊饼即是蒸饼;为避当时仁宗讳称之为炊饼,是饼中最古的。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">后人加馅,成为包子。《赵录》中称石虎最喜食,常以干枣胡桃瓤为心,蒸使之坻裂方食。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">不加馅心,即为馒头,宋高承《事物纪原》称诸葛亮渡泸水,以面蒸画人头而祭。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">后人加馅心改白面为杂粮面(以玉米面为主)皮儿称之为饽饽。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">汤饼,就是现在所说的各种面食,古人称面是指面粉,而入水煮食,以汤煮之的面为汤饼,宋吴自牧《梦梁录》已有鸡丝面、三鲜面、虾臊面之称。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">今馄饨、饺子也属汤饼类,名称各有传承,见汉杨雄《方言》,唐韦巨源《食谱》,明张自烈《正字通》,宋吴自牧《梦梁录》,宋程大昌《演繁露》<span lang="EN-US">…. 既说烧饼,不在此讨论之列。 <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">胡饼:起源于胡地,与胡桃、胡琴等称谓源同。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">汉刘熙《释名》:胡饼作之大谩冱也,亦言以胡麻著上也。胡麻:芝麻,大谩冱(护)是个名词。胡饼就是今天是今天的大饼。后魏贾思勰《齐民要术》有饼之具体做法,烧饼、馓子等。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">现今所谓之饼:为烤熟或蒸熟的面食,形状大多扁而圆,《现代汉语词典》商务印书馆。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">烧饼的祖宗是胡饼,起源于汉朝,到了南北朝时期,已经有了明确的生产流程与工艺。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">现今烧饼的做法。</span><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><a style="mso-comment-reference: k_1;"></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">①<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">和面,水和面,松软适度,放置,行话曰:醒。置半发酵。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 46pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 46.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">②<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">取面团于案上,案面抹油、揉,使面上劲。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 46pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 46.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">③<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">擀开成片状,抹麻酱一层,亦或撒花椒盐儿(花椒与盐同炒,至椒糊盐热时,碾碎者)。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 46pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 46.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">④<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">卷成筒状,手揪成剂儿,压每剂儿成坯,擀成片状。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 46pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 46.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">⑤<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">片状饼坯一面涮淡盐水与麻酱混合物,入芝麻盆中沾满芝麻。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 46pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 46.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">⑥<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">沾芝麻一面放铛上熥,干后翻转。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 46pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 46.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">⑦<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">四成熟后,入炉烤熟。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">今日北京人所说的烧饼是有芝麻的,所说的火烧是没有芝麻的,出炉后,热食,亦可。中腹剖开夹酱牛羊肉、猪肉、煎鸡蛋、火腿肠食之亦可。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">查了这么多资料,总算能把烧饼说个大概,想想也算是对得起腹中的这两位兄弟了。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体" size="5">现如今,街上不但流行红裙子,也流行什么土家掉渣饼,有人美其名曰:“中国披萨”,“别吃那玩艺,就是你小时候常吃的烀饼”,我妈说。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">我不可能愚忠愚孝,没听她老人家的话,花两块钱买了一个尝了尝。嘿,又上了一当。想想自己也就是刚不吃窝头那么几天,学着大街上的红男绿女们去追逐高尚与浪漫,真是有些不自量力,挨蒙,活该。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">参考文献:杨荫深《事物掌故丛谈》<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>后魏贾思勰《齐民要术》 <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>宋周密《武林旧事》 <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>宋高承《事物纪原》</span></p>[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-2 12:22:15编辑过] 我喜欢吃烧饼,这么一说我都流哈喇子了!
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