[讨论]老北京过除夕
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">贴门神、对联<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 人对着门,右手门板贴神荼(或秦琼)左手贴郁垒(或尉迟恭)。贴对联也如此分上下,不要贴反了。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"> </span></span></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">辞岁<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 除夕要到长辈家拜访,尤其新婚男子必须到岳家拜访,称为“辞岁”。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">祭祖接神<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 旧时要在祠堂,后来在正房举行。供桌中央立祖宗牌位,大户人家悬挂“影”(绘制的祖宗像),以蜜供、月饼(中秋节留下的)、年糕、各种菜饭为祭品,还有香烛、摇钱树等。由辈份最高的男性为主祭人,拈三柱香并三叩首,其他人依次叩首。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 另在庭院设天地桌,供百分,即各路神仙的全图,至接神时焚化。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">吃年夜饭<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 年饭应该事先备好,一热即可,须包括冷荤、热菜、凉拌清口菜、咸菜四类。吃年饭时要分食祭祖的月饼。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">吃饺子<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 据说饺子系“交子”转音而来,表示一年的更替。东北等地称为饽饽。过年的饺子荤馅儿随意,但必须有素馅儿的:黄花、木耳、蘑菇、胡萝卜、大白菜、油条、油饼、炸豆腐等剁碎为馅儿。但是鸡蛋算荤,不能放入。素饺子是初一接神的供品,供后家人食之。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 包饺子须全家动手,有的露出两段韭菜叶称为“凤凰饺子”,有的包入一枚硬币,吃到的一年好运。现在多以糖代替。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">踩岁、熰岁、压岁<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 除夕夜在院中撒芝麻秸,人在上面踩,喻节节高,称为“踩岁”。还要燃烧松柏枝,喻常青,称为“熰岁”。长辈要给晚辈一些钱,喻压住一年的“祟”,保新一年平安,称为“压岁”。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">守岁<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 除夕夜全家通宵不睡,举行各种娱乐活动,称为“守岁”。<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">放鞭炮<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 源自古代以火燃竹,驱赶鬼祟。一说“年”就是一种鬼怪,逢年出来害人,以鞭炮驱赶之。除夕夜子时为新一年开始,放炮接神,鞭炮大作。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">禁忌<span lang="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span> 饺子不能说“破”了,要说“挣”了。打碎东西马上说“岁岁平安”。扫地要从门口向内扫,不能从里向门外扫,以免破了财气。除夕至初五不得用生粮食做饭,饭食要提前做好冷藏,随吃随热。妇女在这几天不能出门,不能动刀剪针黹。</span></p> <p>现在的春节,串亲戚、喝酒、打牌。比上班还累。愁死我了</p>
<p> </p> 现在没这么讲究了。 您这年过的有模有样,我就知道吃饺子放鞭炮逛场甸,谢谢您!祝您新春快乐!
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