故宫大事记
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">* 1406</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年（永乐四年），明成祖颁诏迁都北京，下令仿照<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4026.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">南京</span></span></a></span>皇宫营建北京宫殿。<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1420</span>年（永乐十八年），北京宫殿竣工。次年发生大火，前三殿被焚毁。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1441</span>年（<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/460020.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">正统</span></span></a></span>六年），重建前三殿及乾清宫。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1459</span>年（<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/648481.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">天顺</span></span></a></span>三年），营建<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/103929.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">西苑</span></span></a></span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1557</span>年（<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/304341.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">嘉靖</span></span></a></span>三十六年），紫禁城大火，前三殿、奉天门、文武楼、午门全部被焚毁，至<span lang="EN-US">1561</span>年才全部重建完工。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1597</span>年（<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38152.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">万历</span></span></a></span>二十五年），紫禁城大火，焚毁前三殿、后三宫。复建工程直至<span lang="EN-US">1627</span>年（天启七年）方完工。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1644</span>年（<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/115567.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">崇祯</span></span></a></span>十七年），<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9761.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">李自成</span></span></a></span>军攻陷北京，明朝灭亡。李自成撤退前焚毁紫禁城，仅武英殿、建极殿、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/310881.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">英华殿</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1165450.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">南熏殿</span></span></a></span>、四周角楼和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/785664.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">皇极门</span></span></a></span>未焚，其余建筑全部被毁。同年清<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5496.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">顺治皇帝</span></span></a></span>从沈阳迁都至北京。此后历时<span lang="EN-US">14</span>年，将中路建筑基本修复。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1683</span>年（康熙二十二年），开始重建紫禁城其余被毁部分建筑，至康熙三十四年基本完工。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1735</span>年（雍正十三年），清高宗（乾隆帝）即位，此后六十年间对紫禁城进行大规模增建和改建。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1813</span>年（嘉庆十八年），<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/90610.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">天理教</span></span></a></span>教徒<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/384006.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">林清</span></span></a></span>率起义军攻打紫禁城。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1900</span>年，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8712.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">八国联军</span></span></a></span>攻陷北京。八国联军在紫禁城阅兵。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1911</span>年，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/29003.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">武昌起义</span></span></a></span>爆发，清帝退位。但按照与民国签订的优抚条件，仍然居住于紫禁城内。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1923</span>年，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/431106.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">建福宫</span></span></a></span>发生火灾。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1924</span>年，冯玉祥发动<span lang="EN-US">“</span>北京政变<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，驱逐清帝溥仪。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1925</span>年，在原紫禁城的基础上建立故宫博物院。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1933</span>年，故宫博物院文物南迁，以躲避<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1554.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">日本</span></span></a></span>侵略。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1948</span>年，故宫博物院南迁文物部分运往<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2200.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">台湾</span></span></a></span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1949</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/65882.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">北平</span></span></a></span>稳定后，故宫博物院恢复开放。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* </span>二十世纪五六十年代，陆续有提出故宫修建计划，后因种种原因搁置了很长一段时间。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1961</span>年，经<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/17491.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">国务院</span></span></a></span>批准，北京故宫被定为全国第一批重点文物保护单位。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span lang="EN-US">* 1987</span>年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <span lang="EN-US">* 2005</span>年，北京故宫开始进行为期<span lang="EN-US">19</span>年的大修。</span>
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