故宫内廷
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">故宫建筑的后半部叫内廷，内廷宫殿的大门<span lang="EN-US">——</span>乾清门，左右有琉璃照壁，门里是后三宫。内廷以乾清</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，东西两翼有东六宫和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1569483.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">西六宫</span></span></a></span>，是皇帝处理日常政务之处也是皇帝与后妃居住生活的地方。后半部在建筑风格上同于前半部。前半部建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟，以象征皇帝的至高无上。后半部内廷则富有生活气息，建筑多是自成院落，有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 乾清门广场西侧的隆宗门清代在隆宗门曾发生过一场激烈的战斗。嘉庆十八年（<span lang="EN-US">1813</span>年），中原一带发生<span lang="EN-US">“</span>天理教<span lang="EN-US">”</span>农民起义，农民领袖林清策划并领导京畿一支队伍直接攻打紫禁城。<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="14" month="9" year="2009">九月十四日</st1:chsdate>，起义军乔装打扮，兵分两路，计划从东、西华门进入宫城。西华门一支在内应太监刘得才、刘金等人引领下迅速攻打到隆宗门，并在此展开激战。此次紫禁城之变，<span lang="EN-US">“</span>酿成汉、唐、宋、明未有之事<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，嘉庆皇帝破例向天下发了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>罪己诏<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。至今隆宗门匾额上留有箭头，相传即这次战斗的遗迹。箭头位于匾额的左下侧。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。乾清宫是内廷正殿，高<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="20" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>米</st1:chmetcnv>。重檐庑殿顶。殿的正中有宝座，内有<span lang="EN-US">“<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/102356.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">正大光明</span></span></a>”</span>匾。两头有<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1712340.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">暖阁</span></span></a></span>。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫。清<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2682.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">康熙</span></span></a></span>前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2686.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">雍正</span></span></a></span>后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 坤宁宫在故宫<span lang="EN-US">“</span>内庭<span lang="EN-US">”</span>最后面。重檐庑殿顶。坤宁宫是明朝及清朝雍正帝之前的皇后寝宫，两头有暖阁。清代改为祭神场所。雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/933005.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">东暖阁</span></span></a></span>为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/20568.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">同治</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/29852.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">光绪</span></span></a></span>三帝，均在此举行婚礼。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含<span lang="EN-US">“</span>天地交合、安康美满<span lang="EN-US">”</span>之意。其建于明代，清<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/652271.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">嘉庆</span></span></a></span>三年（公元<span lang="EN-US">1798</span>年）重修，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，该殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。清代皇后所谓亲蚕典礼，需至此检查祭典仪式的准备情况。清代的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>宝玺<span lang="EN-US">”</span>（印章）也收藏在这里。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 清朝自雍正之后养心殿成为皇帝在故宫内的实际居所。清同治年间慈禧、慈安二太后<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/59451.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">垂帘听政</span></span></a></span>就在养心殿东暖阁。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 在后三宫东西<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/343819.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">庑</span></span></a></span>，还有为皇帝存储冠、袍、带、履的端凝殿，放置图书翰墨的懋勤殿。南庑有皇子读书的<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/296778.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">上书房</span></span></a></span>，有翰林学士承值的<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/56796.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">南书房</span></span></a></span>，以及管理宫廷日常生活的处所。此外还有左右对称的日精门、月华门、龙光门、凤彩门、基化门、端则门、隆福门、景和门，通妃子居住的东西六宫。这种左右对称的平面布局，也是中国古代建筑的特征之一。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 内廷东侧的宁寿宫是当年<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2677.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">乾隆</span></span></a></span>皇帝宣布退位后当<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28410.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">太上皇</span></span></a></span>养老皇宫，花费一百一十万两银修建。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 在坤宁宫北面的是御花园。御花园里有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">宫后苑</span>，占地<span lang="EN-US">11000</span>多平方米，有建筑<span lang="EN-US">20</span>余处。以<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/431218.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">钦安殿</span></span></a></span>为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局，布局紧凑、古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石迭砌而成，上筑御景亭，名为<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/786582.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">万春亭</span></span></a></span>和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/786575.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">千秋亭</span></span></a></span>的两座亭子，可以说是目前保存的古亭中最为华丽的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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