故宫四门
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">故宫有四个大门，正门名为午门。其平面为凹形，宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/41188.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">汉白玉</span></span></a></span>拱桥通往<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/743778.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">太和门</span></span></a></span>。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/96039.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">角楼</span></span></a></span>，角楼高<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="27.5" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">27.5</span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，十字屋脊，三重檐迭出，四面亮山，多角交错，是结构奇丽的建筑。<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 故宫的正门叫<span lang="EN-US">“</span>午门<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，俗称五凤楼。东西北三面以<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="12" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">12</span>米</st1:chmetcnv>高的城台相连，环抱一个方形广场。有<span lang="EN-US">1</span>组建筑。正中有<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15715.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">重楼</span></span></a></span>，是<span lang="EN-US">9</span>间面宽的大殿，重檐<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/361226.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">庑殿顶</span></span></a></span>，在左右伸出两阙城墙上，建有联檐通脊的楼阁四座，明廊相连，两翼各有<span lang="EN-US">13</span>间的殿屋向南伸出，四隅各有高大的角亭，辅翼着正殿。这种形状的门楼称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>阙门<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，是中国古代大门中最高级的形式。这组城上的建筑，形势巍峨壮丽，是故宫宫殿群中第一高峰。午门是皇帝下<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/501080.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">诏书</span></span></a></span>、下令出征的地方。每遇宣读皇帝<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/185178.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">圣旨</span></span></a></span>，颁发年历书，文武百官都要齐集午门前广场听旨。午门当中的正门平时只有皇帝才可以出入，皇帝大婚时皇后进一次，殿试考中状元、榜眼、探花的三人可以从此门走出一次。文武大臣进出东侧门，宗室王公出入西侧门。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 后门<span lang="EN-US">“</span>神武门<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，明朝时为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>玄武门<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/24702.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">玄武</span></span></a></span>为古代四<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/78461.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">神兽</span></span></a></span>之一，从方位上讲，左青龙，右白虎，前朱雀，后玄武，玄武主北方，所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名<span lang="EN-US">“</span>玄武<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。清康熙年间因避讳改称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>神武门<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。神武门也是一座城门楼形式，用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶，但它的大殿只有五开间加围廊，没有左右向前伸展的两翼，所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。神武门是宫内日常出入的门禁。现神武门为故宫博物院正门。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 东华门与西华门遥相对应，门外设有下马碑石，门内<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/889659.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">金水河</span></span></a></span>南北流向，上架石桥<span lang="EN-US">1</span>座，桥北为三座门。东华门与西华门形制相同，平面矩形，红色城台，白玉<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/91914.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">须弥座</span></span></a></span>，当中辟<span lang="EN-US">3</span>座<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/871751.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">券门</span></span></a></span>，券洞外方内圆。城台上建有城楼，黄琉璃瓦重檐庑殿顶，城楼面阔<span lang="EN-US">5</span>间，进深<span lang="EN-US">3</span>间，四周出廊。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> 在午门以内，有广阔的大庭院，当中有弧形的内金水河横亘东西，北面就是外朝宫殿大门<span lang="EN-US">——</span>太和门，左右各有<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/857087.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">朝房</span></span></a> <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/130060.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><span lang="EN-US">廊庑</span></span></a></span>。金水河上有<span lang="EN-US">5</span>座桥梁，装有白色汉白玉栏杆，随河宛转，形似玉带。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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