[原创] 清关外三陵之一 昭陵 (一)
<p> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4450.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">沈阳</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">(盛京)昭陵位于古城北约十华里,因此也称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">北陵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天,草木葱茏,湖水荡漾,楼殿威严,金瓦夺目,充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"> 昭陵陵寝是清朝第二代开<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" productid="国">国</st1:PersonName>君主太宗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5654.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">皇太极</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/73170.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">孝端文皇后</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">博乐济吉特氏的陵墓,占地面积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">16</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">万平方米,是清初</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">关外三陵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。昭陵除了葬有帝后外,还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽,是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵,是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一,现为国家重点文物保护单位。并于</span><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="7" year="2004"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">2004</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/13906.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">沈阳故宫</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/216942.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">沈阳福陵</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">和抚顺永陵,经第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">28</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过,正式列入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/340391.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">世界遗产名录</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"> 昭陵始建于清崇德八年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">1643</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年)至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15016.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">顺治</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">八年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">1651</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">前朝后寝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"> 昭陵全陵占地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">18</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6200.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">华表</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、石狮、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/554543.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"><span lang="EN-US">石牌坊</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">仅存于世的中国皇家陵寝厕所</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">清昭陵的这处“御厕”始建于清康熙东巡谒陵时,距今已有300多年。考古发现这处“御厕”也是前几年的事情,专家评价是仅存于世的中国皇家陵寝厕所。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <br/> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">“御厕”位于昭陵正红门东面一个幽静的小院内,根据遗留的柱础判断,当时为封闭的亭式结构。可惜的是当年的亭式建筑早已踪迹全无。游人能看到的是:亭内面积大约有40多平方米,中间砌有长<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="0" unitname="米">2米</st1:chmetcnv>、宽<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="0" unitname="米">1米</st1:chmetcnv>的石头地面。石砌地面上有一个长<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="0" unitname="米">1米</st1:chmetcnv>、宽、深各40余厘米的石坑,这就是便池。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <br/> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">令人惊奇的是,石坑底部被设计成斜坡状,有水从地下暗道涌出将粪便冲走。更为讲究的是,“御厕”旁栽有紫丁香和核桃树。这两种树香味浓郁,有很强的驱臭功效。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <br/> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">有清史专家还分析说,皇帝如厕时大概不会蹲着,有可能是坐在中间挖空的龙椅上解手。“御厕”的下面也会有“化粪池”,算是非常环保的厕所了。在</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">沈阳故宫内并没有皇家厕所,宫苑之内用的都是马桶。皇帝谒陵只是一天功夫,为什么不用马桶而专门修建“御厕”,这也是一个未解之谜。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。</p>
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<p>陵寝正门 正红门</p>
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<p>正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。</p>
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<p>隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。</p>
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<p>隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。</p>
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<p> 隆恩殿后,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。</p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></span> 您这是去秀芳园里面的图片展了,过去那些图片都是随地扔着的,现在收费展览。 <font color="#333333"><font face="Verdana"><b>瞌睡虫</b></font>,握一下手吧,知音啊</font> 我貌似在旅游版还发过游记呢,以前 <p>就是不如关内的大气</p> 居然没修?还是很早照的了啊?
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