海淀黄庄
<div class="Section1" style="LAYOUT-GRID:15.6pt none"><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 288pt; mso-char-indent-count: 16.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">海淀黄庄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt="0pt"11.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">海淀黄庄是一块风水宝地，位于中关村的中心地带，是中关村科技园的组成部分，也是北京市海淀区发展变化最大的地区之一。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">明代初年，今<span class="GramE">海淀镇</span>一带是一片水汪汪的世界，颇似江南水乡。水所聚曰<span class="GramE">淀</span>，平地出泉涌，水源甚丰。北称北海<span class="GramE">淀</span>．南称南海淀。在南海淀偏南又偏东的地方，有一片露出水面的荒凉地带，长满了篙子和茅草。经过军士的开垦，成了一个小型的官办农场，称为王庄。为什么叫王庄呢？明代开国皇帝朱元璋，在南京建都，封其四子朱棣为燕王，镇守北平。王庄就是燕王朱棣的庄园。朱元璋在位三十一年，由于皇太子朱标已于洪武二十五年（公元<span lang="EN-US">1392 </span>年）先他而死，遂由皇太孙朱允炆即位，这就是建文帝。然而，在建文帝继位不久，就爆发了统治阶级内部的为争皇权而进行的一场战争，史称“靖难之役”。最后，朱棣打败了他的侄子建文帝，当了皇帝，改国号为永乐，迁都北京，此后，海淀王庄改名为海淀黄庄。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当时的文人也称这一带为皇<span class="GramE">甸</span>。据《帝京景物略》载，<span class="GramE">陈良楚《 九日勺园》</span> 诗：“节序惊心客思<span class="GramE">遐</span>，<span class="GramE">绶</span>在重此对黄花。大都海国皆皇甸，一勺园居自米家。”古人称<span class="GramE">郭</span>外为郊，郊外为<span class="GramE">甸</span>。诗人所指的“皇甸”，泛指皇家所有的有水域的庄园。在古文中“淀”同“甸”是通用的，“海淀”也可写作“海甸”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当时，海淀皇庄归宛平县管辖。按明代法律规定，拥有土地的主人，要向官家缴纳税收。可是，永乐皇帝谕令宛平县衙，海淀皇庄“尽<span class="GramE">免子</span>粒银两”<span lang="EN-US">, </span>“凡有司粮差，永不得与”。皇庄出产的粮食也由这里的主事人直接送往皇宫享用，不许县政府过问其事。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">明代北京郊区的土地所有权的归属，分为官田和<span class="GramE">民田</span>两大类。<span class="GramE">皇庄即官田</span>的一种。据明成化年间统计，北京有八个皇庄，除海淀皇庄外，还有<span class="GramE">十里铺皇庄</span>、<span class="GramE">大王庄皇庄</span>、深沟儿皇庄、<span class="GramE">密店皇</span>庄、石<span class="GramE">婆婆营皇生</span>、<span class="GramE">六里屯皇庄</span>、土城皇庄。明嘉靖年间，由于财政困难，实行土地改革，将皇庄所有权归地方政府负责，废除皇庄土地所有制。但皇庄作为一个地名，一直延续到清代。乾隆年间出版的《日下旧闻考》称“皇庄距南海淀二里许”，仍称“海淀皇庄”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">乾隆皇帝考察海淀皇庄后还写过一首《 皇庄即景诗》 ：</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 162pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">前朝麦色绿鬅<span class="GramE">鬅</span>，今日看来寸许增。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 162pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">犹自顒期<span class="GramE">再雨好</span>，无非渴望有秋登。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 162pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">绿柳阴阴翠<span class="GramE">跸</span>移，<span class="GramE">言旋为廑起居咨</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 162pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">禁中坐待临<span class="GramE">雩</span>祭，却恐晨昏<span class="GramE">隔久迟</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 162pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">不堪遗事问春明，胜<span class="GramE">国皇庄尚</span>有名。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 162pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">却为往来必经路，几多忧喜<span class="GramE">验</span>农耕。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">诗中称海淀皇庄为“胜国皇庄”。 海淀皇庄是乾隆往</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">返圆明园、清漪圆的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">必经之路。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">海淀皇庄易名为黄庄，大约是清道光年间。早年皇庄有一座古庙，称护国药王普德寺，始建于明代。乾隆三十八年（<span lang="EN-US">1773</span>年）重修，寺庙坐北朝南，五进院落，除山门大雄宝殿之外，还有药王殿、灶王殿等。清道光二十六年（<span lang="EN-US">1846 </span>年）曾对药王庙中的灶王<span class="GramE">殿进行</span>重修，其碑记铭文云“在海淀黄庄药王庙后院增建<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName style="BACKGROUND-POSITION: left="left"bottom; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(res://ietag.dll/#34/#1001); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x" tabindex="0" productid="司命灶" w:st="on">司命灶</st1:PersonName>君宝殿三<span class="GramE">楹</span>”，可证清道<span class="GramE">光年间皇庄</span>已易名为黄庄。如今药王庙的神殿已经无存，尚存古柏、古槐各一株，枝叶繁茂，就在黄庄路口，可供人访古。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">民国年间，海淀<span class="GramE">黄庄曾分化</span>为两个村，称黄庄东、黄庄西。<span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪<span lang="EN-US">50</span>年代，称<span class="GramE">黄庄东村</span>、黄庄西村。前者归大钟寺派出所管辖，后</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">者归海淀派出所管辖。据</span><span lang="EN-US">1996</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年人口调查，黄庄地区共有</span><span lang="EN-US">2000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">户人家，常驻人口</span><span lang="EN-US">6000 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">人。当时海淀黄庄．占地面积</span><st1:chmetcnv style="BACKGROUND-POSITION: left="left"bottom; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(res://ietag.dll/#34/#1001); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x" tabindex="0" w:st="on" unitname="公顷" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">5 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">公顷</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，建筑面积</span><st1:chmetcnv style="BACKGROUND-POSITION: left="left"bottom; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(res://ietag.dll/#34/#1001); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x" tabindex="0" w:st="on" unitname="平方米" sourcevalue="100315" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">100315</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">平方米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，有</span><span lang="EN-US">1824 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">户，</span><span lang="EN-US">5782 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">人，属中关村街道办事处管辖。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 195.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span></span></p></div> <p>黄庄这几年变化更大了，尤其是中关村西区修建以后。</p>
<p>现在离黄庄不远处的苏州桥附近还有个叫西王庄的地方，不知是否与文中提到的王庄有关，是否在这一小片范围，王庄的名字一直保留了下来？</p> <p>"据明成化年间统计，北京有八个皇庄，除海淀皇庄外，还有<span class="GramE">十里铺皇庄</span>、<span class="GramE">大王庄皇庄</span>、深沟儿皇庄、<span class="GramE">密店皇</span>庄、石<span class="GramE">婆婆营皇生</span>、<span class="GramE">六里屯皇庄</span>、土城皇庄。"</p>
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<p>昌平的定福皇庄跟这有关系吗?</p> 好文章
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