拱卫京师四古桥
<div class="Section1" style="LAYOUT-GRID:15.6pt none"><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 270pt; mso-char-indent-count: 15.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">拱卫京师四古桥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">北京的古桥可谓多矣，其中的京东南马驹桥、京东八里桥、京西卢沟桥和京<span class="GramE">北朝宗桥</span>．或因历史事件而闻名，或因位置显赫而受重视，当年既是重要的交通通道，也为守卫北京发挥了巨大作用。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">马驹桥地区在隋末唐初时是丰盛的草场．当朝在此放养大最的仔马（马驹）．管理仔马的军民建立了村落．取名“马驹里”，紧挨凉水河南岸。当时河上搭设了一座简易的木桥，因“马驹里”而得名“马驹桥”。<span lang="EN-US">1465 </span>年，“马驹桥”被建成一座九孔石拱桥，明英宗亲赐“宏仁”桥，可老百姓仍习惯称之为<span class="GramE">”</span>马驹桥<span class="GramE">”</span>。一些<span class="GramE">乡坤</span>也模棱两可地叫它<span class="GramE">”</span>宏仁马驹桥<span class="GramE">”</span>．马驹里也随之改叫马驹桥镇。<span lang="EN-US">1774 </span>年重修马驹桥．<span class="GramE">改九孔</span>为七孔，桥南侧修桥亭两座，内立乾隆亲书御碑修桥记（现残碑移至通州西海子公园葫芦湖边）。<span lang="EN-US">1964 </span>年，拆马驹桥建水泥大桥，后<span class="GramE">碑亭毁干“文革”</span>。马驹桥作为京南第一大镇，战略位置十分重要，历来是兵家必争之地。解放战争期间，虽然北平和平解放，但在这里，国共两军却进行了激烈的争夺。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">八里桥又称永通桥．因距通州燃灯塔东侧八里而得名．横跨通惠河上，为石砌三<span class="GramE">券</span>拱桥．明正统十年<span lang="EN-US">( l446 </span>）八月始建．十二月告成。桥长<span lang="EN-US">5O </span>米，宽<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="16" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">16 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，中<span class="GramE">券</span>高<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="8.5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">8.5 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>．宽<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="6.7" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">6.7 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，行船不必收帆。<span class="GramE">侧孔高</span><span lang="EN-US">3 <st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue=".5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">．宽<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="3.5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">3.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">，泄水之用。桥上两侧护有青石栏，汉白玉望柱上有各具形态的石雕狮子。著名的通州八景之一“长桥映月”，即指<span lang="EN-US">这里。桥东有雍正十<span lang="EN-US">一年（1733 ) </span></span></span></span></span>“御制通州石道碑”，记载了自京师至通州修筑石道的情况，史料价值极为重要．八里桥是京津要塞，也是经北运河向京城运输粮草砖木的必经之地。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">清咸丰十年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1860</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">）及</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">光绪二十六年（<span lang="EN-US">1900</span>），中国军民抗击英法联军和八国联军时，固守长桥撑卫京师，谱写了抗战的光辉篇章。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">朝<span class="GramE">宗桥俗称沙河北大桥</span>．位于昌平城南<st1:chmetcnv unitname="公里" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">10 </span>公里</st1:chmetcnv>、沙河镇北<span lang="EN-US">0 . <st1:chmetcnv unitname="公里" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">公里</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span>，巩华城旁，<span class="GramE">跨北沙河</span>水（温榆河），与横跨南沙河水上的“安济桥”相对．相距<span lang="EN-US">2 <st1:chmetcnv unitname="公里" sourcevalue=".5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">公里</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span>。明朝迁都北京，在天寿山建陵墓．先后于明正统十二年<span lang="EN-US">( 1 447 </span>）拆掉南北沙河水上的<span class="GramE">木桥建石桥，北日</span>“朝宗”，南日“安济”<span class="GramE">朝宗桥为</span>七孔石桥，全长<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="130" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">130 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，宽<st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue="13" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">13 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，中高<span lang="EN-US">7 <st1:chmetcnv unitname="米" sourcevalue=".5" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" w:st="on">.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span>，七孔联拱结构，桥两旁有石栏柱<span lang="EN-US">53</span>对。大桥北端东侧有明万历四年<span lang="EN-US">( 1576 </span>）立的<span class="GramE">螭首方</span>座汉白玉石碑一座，阴阳碑额俱篆书“大明”<span lang="EN-US">2 </span>字，两面碑身刻有“朝宗桥”<span lang="EN-US">3 </span><span class="GramE">个</span>大字，相传是为纪念主修北大桥而遭杀害的忠臣赵朝宗所立。<span class="GramE">朝宗桥为</span>京师通往明陵的大型石桥，是明朝帝后、大臣谒陵北巡的必经之路，也是通往塞北的交通要道。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">卢沟桥早已是众所周知，马可·波罗称赞“它是世界上最好的，独一无二的桥”<span lang="EN-US">. </span>“七七事变”更让它载人了史册。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">现在，卢沟桥属于全国重点保护文物，八里桥和<span class="GramE">朝宗桥为</span>北京市重点保护文物。为此，有关部门在这三座古桥旁修建<span class="GramE">了辅桥或</span>辅路，使之成为人们游览人文景观、凭吊先人的观瞻胜地。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>小小的我</i>在2008-11-6 21:54:00的发言：</b><br/>
<div class="Section1" style="LAYOUT-GRID:15.6pt none">
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 270pt; mso-char-indent-count: 15.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">拱卫京师四古桥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p 1.5? mso-char-indent-count: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; 0cm="0cm" 0cm?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">北京的古桥可谓多矣，其中的京东南马驹桥、京东八里桥、京西卢沟桥和京<span class="GramE">北朝宗桥</span>．或因历史事件而闻名，或因位置显赫而受重视，当年既是重要的交通通道，也为守卫北京发挥了巨大作用。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p 1.5? mso-char-indent-count: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; 0cm="0cm" 0cm?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">马驹桥地区在隋末唐初时是丰盛的草场．当朝在此放养大最的仔马（马驹）．管理仔马的军民建立了村落．取名“马驹里”，紧挨凉水河南岸。当时河上搭设了一座简易的木桥，因“马驹里”而得名“马驹桥”。<span lang="EN-US">1465 </span>年，“马驹桥”被建成一座九孔石拱桥，明英宗亲赐“宏仁”桥，可老百姓仍习惯称之为<span class="GramE">”</span>马驹桥<span class="GramE">”</span>。一些<span class="GramE">乡坤</span>也模棱两可地叫它<span class="GramE">”</span>宏仁马驹桥<span class="GramE">”</span>．马驹里也随之改叫马驹桥镇。<span lang="EN-US">1774 </span>年重修马驹桥．<span class="GramE">改九孔</span>为七孔，桥南侧修桥亭两座，内立乾隆亲书御碑修桥记（现残碑移至通州西海子公园葫芦湖边）。<span lang="EN-US">1964 </span>年，拆马驹桥建水泥大桥，后<span class="GramE">碑亭毁干“文革”</span>。马驹桥作为京南第一大镇，战略位置十分重要，历来是兵家必争之地。解放战争期间，虽然北平和平解放，但在这里，国共两军却进行了激烈的争夺。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p 1.5? mso-char-indent-count: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; 0cm="0cm" 0cm?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">八里桥又称永通桥．因距通州燃灯塔东侧八里而得名．横跨通惠河上，为石砌三<span class="GramE">券</span>拱桥．明正统十年<span lang="EN-US">( l446 </span>）八月始建．十二月告成。桥长<span lang="EN-US">5O </span>米，宽<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="16" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">16 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，中<span class="GramE">券</span>高<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="8.5" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">8.5 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>．宽<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="6.7" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">6.7 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，行船不必收帆。<span class="GramE">侧孔高</span><span lang="EN-US">3 <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue=".5" unitname="米">.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">．宽<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="3.5" unitname="米">3.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">，泄水之用。桥上两侧护有青石栏，汉白玉望柱上有各具形态的石雕狮子。著名的通州八景之一“长桥映月”，即指<span lang="EN-US">这里。桥东有雍正十<span lang="EN-US">一年（1733 ) </span></span></span></span></span>“御制通州石道碑”，记载了自京师至通州修筑石道的情况，史料价值极为重要．八里桥是京津要塞，也是经北运河向京城运输粮草砖木的必经之地。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? new="New" ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New?>清咸丰十年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1860</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" Roman?? new="New" ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; New?>）及</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">光绪二十六年（<span lang="EN-US">1900</span>），中国军民抗击英法联军和八国联军时，固守长桥撑卫京师，谱写了抗战的光辉篇章。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p 1.5? mso-char-indent-count: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; 0cm="0cm" 0cm?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">朝<span class="GramE">宗桥俗称沙河北大桥</span>．位于昌平城南<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="10" unitname="公里"><span lang="EN-US">10 </span>公里</st1:chmetcnv>、沙河镇北<span lang="EN-US">0 . <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="5" unitname="公里">5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">公里</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span>，巩华城旁，<span class="GramE">跨北沙河</span>水（温榆河），与横跨南沙河水上的“安济桥”相对．相距<span lang="EN-US">2 <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue=".5" unitname="公里">.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">公里</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span>。明朝迁都北京，在天寿山建陵墓．先后于明正统十二年<span lang="EN-US">( 1 447 </span>）拆掉南北沙河水上的<span class="GramE">木桥建石桥，北日</span>“朝宗”，南日“安济”<span class="GramE">朝宗桥为</span>七孔石桥，全长<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="130" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">130 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，宽<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="13" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">13 </span>米</st1:chmetcnv>，中高<span lang="EN-US">7 <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue=".5" unitname="米">.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span>，七孔联拱结构，桥两旁有石栏柱<span lang="EN-US">53</span>对。大桥北端东侧有明万历四年<span lang="EN-US">( 1576 </span>）立的<span class="GramE">螭首方</span>座汉白玉石碑一座，阴阳碑额俱篆书“大明”<span lang="EN-US">2 </span>字，两面碑身刻有“朝宗桥”<span lang="EN-US">3 </span><span class="GramE">个</span>大字，相传是为纪念主修北大桥而遭杀害的忠臣赵朝宗所立。<span class="GramE">朝宗桥为</span>京师通往明陵的大型石桥，是明朝帝后、大臣谒陵北巡的必经之路，也是通往塞北的交通要道。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p 1.5? mso-char-indent-count: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; 0cm="0cm" 0cm?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">卢沟桥早已是众所周知，马可·波罗称赞“它是世界上最好的，独一无二的桥”<span lang="EN-US">. </span>“七七事变”更让它载人了史册。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p 1.5? mso-char-indent-count: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; 0cm="0cm" 0cm?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">现在，卢沟桥属于全国重点保护文物，八里桥和<span class="GramE">朝宗桥为</span>北京市重点保护文物。为此，有关部门在这三座古桥旁修建<span class="GramE">了辅桥或</span>辅路，使之成为人们游览人文景观、凭吊先人的观瞻胜地。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>哈，又没把作者名字转载来……</p>
<p> </p>
<p>：——）</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p> 怎么没有琉璃河大桥，也是古桥 <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">几百年过去了，朝<span class="GramE">宗桥</span></span>到现在还用着呢，挺结实的，只不过那个碑被办证的写上了小广告，青年报也报道过，只可惜，现在整个一面都被灰色的涂料给抹了，只为了遮住小广告，是在奥运之前抹的。 下周我抽空，拍张照片发上来
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