关于古建筑的几个问题-史地研究-服务器里的北京 - 老北京网

kuma 发表于 2008-9-1 13:06:00

关于古建筑的几个问题

有几个问题想听听大家的解释1、寺庙里观音殿、观音阁平面多是六角形或着藻井为六角形，佛殿则多为八角形，请问佛教里的有什么说法？（佛香阁八角平面，又供观音又供佛）2、天花上有时用六字真言，有时用八字，又有什么说法？

大下五岭 发表于 2008-9-2 14:38:00

[原创]

<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/2008921438191917.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/2008921438184460.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/2008921438164636.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

大下五岭 发表于 2008-9-2 14:31:00

[原创]

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">   六字真言、八字真言天花主要用于各寺庙建筑中，如北京的白塔寺、雍和宫、卧佛寺、碧云寺、大觉寺等处建筑的天花均有其图案。天花格局多遵从传统天花式样，但亦有其鲜明的自身特色：一、莲花瓣形组合构图；二、佛梵字；三、金刚杵燕尾配合，形成完整的创意。六字真言、八字真言天花较规范画法很复杂，在现行2005<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年版《北京市房屋修缮工程预算定额（古建筑分册）》中特为其设定相关子目。佛梵字有时直接由高僧大德书法，然后拓至天花或枋心等处。<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">   六字真言天花（亦称六字正言天花），源于藏传佛教名词，是明、清两代喇嘛教、佛教建筑天花较普遍采用的装饰题材。藏传佛教把此六字看作经典根源，每字都有各自的含义，汉语言为：唵、嘛、呢、叭、咪、吽。“唵”为六字之首，“吽”为六字之尾；并以上述读法的先后为排列顺序。天花中心较大的梵字为虚词（有的六字真言天花在画法上不列此虚词）。六字真言天花在画法上做法上有多样。在功能上可谓起到了保护木构件、加强装饰和供信徒循环往复朗诵思维的三种作用。<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">   八字真言源于<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">文殊八字咒，<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">传统汉字音译为：唵 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">阿 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">尾<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">啰 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">吽 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">引 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">佉 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">左<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/20089214305644255.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/20089214305636797.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/20089214305616974.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-9/20089214305652542.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

油油发表于 2008-9-1 16:31:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder">以下是引用HK在2008-9-1 16:15:54的发言： 开学了吗？</div>9月21日报到，注册

HK 发表于 2008-9-1 16:15:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder">以下是引用油油在2008-9-1 15:49:03的发言： 我是现学现卖的，也是刚知道的</div>开学了吗？

油油发表于 2008-9-1 15:49:00

我是现学现卖的，也是刚知道的

白花花 发表于 2008-9-1 15:09:00

开个玩笑，第一个是不是级别问题啊，佛的职称比菩萨高啊，所以多两个角佛香阁的话，说不定是菩萨沾光了

油油发表于 2008-9-1 15:44:00

观音菩萨的六字真言，就是咒语“嗡玛尼呗咪哞”，就是我们常见的那个造型，北海白塔上那个

油油发表于 2008-9-1 14:48:00

第一个问题，我个人觉得可能与建造庙宇的人有直接关系，他想建成什么样子的，就建成什么样子，没有固定的格式吧，还有就是根据佛像的规制而定，还有就是美观的问题。第二个貌似是佛教问题，文殊菩萨的咒语貌似是8个字，观音的是6个字

宿城小雪 发表于 2008-9-1 14:53:00

这个油油也懂？8个字、6个字……这是什么呀？

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