《诗经》时代已有「靓女」
<h1>《诗经》时代已有「靓女」</h1><div class="font_hui" style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; MARGIN: 10px 20px; LINE-HEIGHT: 25px;"><div class="clear"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></font></p><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font size="3">《诗经.邶风.静女》:</font></span></div></div><div class="content"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">静女其姝,俟我于城隅。爱而不见,搔首踟蹰。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">静女其娈,贻我彤管。彤管有炜,说怿女美。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">自牧归荑,洵美且异。匪女之为美,美人之贻。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font size="3">这个「静女」,许多人解释为娴静的少女、安详的姑娘,这是误解。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">诗中的话是一个小伙子的口吻,从诗中看,「静女」是很爱这小伙子的,对小伙子又是送礼物,又是约会。可是,她明明跟人家约好了在「城隅」相见,到了时候她自己却躲了起来,让人家「爱而不见」,弄得小伙子「搔首踟蹰」,她却在一边角落里偷偷地笑。这幺一看,这个姑娘哪有一点安静的样子,纯粹是个爱玩爱闹的疯丫头。这「静女」解释为安静的少女、幽静的姑娘,是不合诗意的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">中国古代的那些约束妇女的「规矩」,是随着历史一步一步形成的,并不是一开始就很「完备」的。先是周代的「周礼」,这主要是约束贵族的,对下层人不大管用。后来是汉代董仲舒的「三纲五常」,再往后是南宋朱熹的理学。到了南宋,中国封建社会的伦理才算真正完善,所以不可以用朱熹以后的封建理学来解释整个的中国古代社会。产生《诗经》的时代,各种让女孩子安静的礼俗还没有形成,女孩子并非以「静」为美。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font size="3">《静女》本是一首充满了天然的活泼的极富动感的爱情诗,如果突然冒出来了一个安安静静的「静女」,诗味就大减了。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">南宋朱熹的《诗集传》,以比较科学的态度对前人的注释进行了总结;但是同时,他也不忘通过解释《诗经》,阐发自己的理学思想。朱熹在解说这首诗时就说「静者,闲雅之意」。今天许多人对「静女」的解释就是源自这里。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">「静女」的正确解释应该是「靓女」,「靓」通「静」,读静,意为美好。《诗经.郑风.女曰鸡鸣》「琴瑟在御,莫不静好」。既然是狂欢的时候,应该是载歌载舞,怎幺可以「静」?这个「静」其实也就是「靓」,美好的意思。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">「静女其姝」中,「静」、「姝」是同义词。「静女其姝,俟我于城隅」,翻译过来就是:一个美丽的女孩约我在城外相见。若译成:一个安静的女孩约我在城外相见,那多没意思。应该恢复历史的真面目,将「静女」解释为「靓女」──美貌的女子。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font size="3">现在人很讲究「靓」,以为「靓」是个很时尚的新词,其实在《诗经》的时代,就已经有「靓」了,就已经讲究「靓」了。</font></span></p></div>
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