食烟火斋 发表于 2008-8-6 01:25:00

新出画册《消失的胡同》选载“七井胡同”

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">七井胡同说水井</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">陆元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">文并摄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">况晗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">铅笔画</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">七井胡同,位于北京市宣武区南横西街北侧。明代属宣南坊管界,清代属外城西城辖区。七井胡同名为“七井”,但是《京师坊巷志稿》却分明记述为“七井胡同,井一”。七井胡同形成较晚,明代未见著录,清末始见记载,胡同又不长,宅门也不多,似无挖掘七口水井的必要,以情理推测,七井或为“七眼井”之意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">老北京旧有胡同上千条,多数胡同都有水井,不少胡同索性即以水井命名,如苦水井、甜水井、大井、小井等等。旧时打井,须由工人进入井筒挖土,有时还须用砖石砌筑井壁,因此井筒直径较大,井口自然也大,称为大口井。但是大口井不安全,易使人畜不慎落井,也易飘落杂物污染井水,于是人们在井口加盖石板,石板开凿圆孔,形成小口井,又盖上木制井盖,以防杂物飘落井中。北京故宫里的水井都是小口井,井口上盖有石鼓状的井圈,井圈口径不过一尺,周边布满年深月久被井绳磨出的沟痕。清代严禁宫女、太监在皇宫里投井或悬梁自尽,如发生自尽事件,死者父母将受牵连治罪。宫廷使用沉重的石鼓状井圈覆盖井口,含有防止宫女、太监投井的用意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">小口井虽有安全和防污作用,但是不利于多人同时汲水,因此老北京有许多水井,在覆盖井口的石板上开凿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个略大于水桶的圆孔,这样的水井被称为“三眼井”或“四眼井”,老北京旧有多处名叫“三眼井”和“四眼井”的胡同,即由此而来。现在的大栅栏地区三井胡同,旧称“三眼井”胡同,那里还有一块带着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个圆孔的石板,就是昔日“三眼井”的井口。七井胡同,过去或许有过一口“七眼井”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">古代城市与水井的关系极为密切,因此街巷又称“市井”,相传北京的“胡同”一词即来自元朝的蒙古语“水井”。北京出版社出版的《北京古运河与城市供水研究》说,清光绪十一年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1885</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年)统计,北京共有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1245</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">口水井,此数尚不包含皇家宫苑与私人宅院水井。但是老北京的水井普遍开凿较浅,未能达到深处的净水层,因此多数水井水质不好,被称为“苦水井”。苦水不适于饮用和做饭,只能用于洗衣或浇花,少量水质好的水井被称为“甜水井”,老北京有许多胡同名称就叫“苦水井”和“甜水井”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清初曾在北京周边大量圈地,分给王公贵族和八旗官兵作为庄园,称为旗地。旗地分配本应以八旗左右两翼为序,位居东方的左翼应自北向南依次为镶黄旗、正白旗、镶白旗、正蓝旗,然而摄政王多尔衮倚仗权势打破顺序,将左翼最北边靠近山海关的永平、遵化一带分给自己统率的正白旗。顺治七年,多尔衮意欲在自己的正白旗领地永平(今河北省卢龙县)建城另立政治中心,他提出的借口之一即是“京城建都年久,地污水咸”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">旧时北京的多数水井均有主人,他们在水井旁边搭盖“井屋子”,又称“井窝子”,雇用山东大汉使用独轮水车挨家送水,称为“水夫”。居民用水需要交钱,节俭之家都备有两个水缸,多买苦水,少买甜水。台湾作家林海音的名著《城南旧事》提到了老北京的井窝子,她写道,“出了胡同口往南走几步,就是井窝子,这里满地是水,有的地方结成薄薄的冰,独轮的水车来一辆去一辆,他们扭着屁股推车,车子吱吱扭扭的响,好刺耳,我要堵起耳朵啦!井窝子有两个人在向深井里打水,水打上来倒在一个好大的水槽里,推水的人就在大水槽里接了水再送到各家去。井窝子旁住着一个我的朋友——和我一般高的妞儿”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><personname wst="on" productid="侯宝林"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">侯宝林</span></personname><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">先生在回忆录《一户侯说》里也提到井窝子,他说“我还帮人拉过水车,那是下雨天……那时兴华寺街西口有个水井,一个山东人开了个井窝子,把水打上来,倒在大槽子里,然后雇个人推着水车,挨门挨户往各家送水。一到下雨天,道上坑坑洼洼的,车不好推,推水车的就找个小孩在前边帮着拉一把,给两个大铜板,拉两趟给四个大铜板”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如今在东直门外东北方向,有一座自来水博物馆,是北京第一个自来水厂的旧址。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1908</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,清朝农工商部引进德国技术设备,从东郊的孙河引取水源,在这里建成京师自来水公司,于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1910</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年首次向北京输送自来水。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">现在的七井胡同有些宅院比较狭窄,又有高大的老树遮挡阳光,居民们就将洗过的衣服晾晒在大门外面。不用说,现在没有人再用苦水井里的苦水洗衣服了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0.85pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-para-margin-right: .08gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span>&nbsp;</p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-8/2008861201643281.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-8/2008861214340549.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-8/2008861225721481.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>

鲁丝 发表于 2008-8-6 08:24:00

那铅笔画怎么跟水彩画一样呢?好奇中...

食烟火斋 发表于 2008-8-6 10:18:00

回复:(鲁丝)那铅笔画怎么跟水彩画一样呢?好奇中......

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>鲁丝</i>在2008-8-6 8:24:32的发言:</b><br/>那铅笔画怎么跟水彩画一样呢?好奇中...</div><p>您还真的品评对了。况老师早年在南京师范大学美术系,正宗学的水彩画专业,而且是“湿式水彩画”,就是先把纸洇湿再画,画面水气淋漓,特别适合江南风景。后来况老师到了北京,认为只有铅笔画<span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">才能传神地烘托出老北京胡同里冬季的积雪、春季的风尘、夏日的光影和秋日的落叶,才能点染出百年砖瓦的岁月遗痕和古旧宅门的斑驳印记。况老师认为铅笔画墨分五色,并非只有黑白二种颜色,他做到了。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">而且况老师的宽线条铅笔画,在全国美术界是第一份。您喜欢铅笔画,等下再发一个大家欣赏。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></p>
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 新出画册《消失的胡同》选载“七井胡同”