[原创]北海公园
<p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-8/20088318373732897.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#2e8b57" size="6">湖面倒影五亭桥<br/>琼岛春荫分外娇<br/>鹅舟轻浮绿水上<br/>垂柳婀娜湖边绕<br/> ---题北京北海公园</font></strong></p> 感觉像是老胶片机器拍的。 <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/476457.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">永安桥</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">建于十三世纪时期的元代初年，是一座以雅洁、精巧取胜的连拱大石桥，起着连接与烘托琼岛的重要作用。在桥的南北两端，各竖彩绘牌坊一座，名为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">积翠</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">" </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">堆云</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。牌坊前还各设有一对石狮子，对称呼应，相映成趣。近年，桥面和雕栏均修饰一新，在碧水、蓝天和巍峨白塔的映衬下，更是蔚为壮观。我国园林中的桥梁</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">秀丽多姿，形式多样，主要有拱桥、浮桥、廊桥、亭桥和梁式桥等</span><span lang="EN-US">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">桥引人随，妙运无穷</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，这是因其实用性与艺术性高度得到统一的结果，所以此类桥梁成了我国</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">园林建筑艺术中的精品之一。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">永安寺</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 建于清顺治八年</span><span lang="EN-US">(1651)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，原名白塔寺，乾隆八年</span><span lang="EN-US">(1743)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">改为永安寺。该寺依山就势而筑，共分三进三上殿宇，前殿名为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">法轮</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，殿前左右设有钟、鼓亭，殿内供释迦牟尼佛像。中殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">正觉殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、上殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">普安殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白塔下</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，原为喇嘛诵经之所，帝后在园内游乐时常来此烧香拜佛。该寺</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">殿宇、佛像均被修饰一新，引人入胜。游客参观该寺和登白塔远眺京城全景，须另购票进入。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>四亭二碑</b> 在法轮殿殿后的山腰处有两座牌坊，南题</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">龙光</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，北题</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">紫照</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。过了牌坊即为正觉殿，殿前建有</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">涤霭</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">引胜</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">云依</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">意远</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四亭。四亭上下对称而造，典雅美观。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>引胜亭</b> 内设石碑一块，用汉、满、蒙、藏四种文字刊刻乾隆写的《白塔山总记》，记述了该山的建置沿革。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>涤霭亭</b> 内有石碑一块，上刻乾隆写的《白塔山四面记》，描述了该山四周的景色特点，是篇文藻华丽的导游词。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>昆仑石</b> 正面</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">昆仑</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二字为乾隆手书，背面还刻有他写的一首诗文。此石为象征传说中神仙居住的昆仑山而设。昆仑石后面的众多岩洞，为叠筑假山时所砌，以象征神仙们居住洞天福地</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/188262.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">太湖石</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">产于江苏太湖流域，具有瘦、皱、透、漏四大特点。这些奇秀石料，原是北宋统治者为建汴梁</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">开封</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">寿山艮岳御园而不惜民力财力，掘自太湖运往京都的。金灭北</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">宋后，金王朝采取减折粮赋的办法，再次迫使百姓将此石从开封运来这里，所以又叫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">折粮石</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。由此可见，劳动人民为挖掘和运输这些太湖石，付出了多么巨大的</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">血汗代价</span><span lang="EN-US">!<br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>龟趺石碑</b> 两块，竖于普安殿东侧下的平台上，原刻有赞扬佛教的文字，因年久风化，字迹已模糊难辨了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>悦心殿</b>和<b>庆霄楼</b> 悦心殿原是清代皇帝游幸宫苑时休息、议事或举行宴会的地方。殿后的庆霄楼是每年农历腊月初八，乾隆陪其母亲观看湖上冰嬉盛会的地方</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">冰嬉是一种冰上的掷球游戏，由两组人参加作竞技表演</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1477052.htm"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">琼华岛</span></span></b></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">简称琼岛，因岛上建有白塔，故又俗称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白塔山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。岛高</span><span lang="EN-US">32.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，周长</span><span lang="EN-US">913</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米。琼华，意指华丽的美玉，以此命名，表示该岛是用美玉建成的仙境宝岛。另据神</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">话传说，琼华是琼树之花</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">华即花</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，生长在蓬莱仙岛上，人吃了可长生不老，此亦表示该岛是仿瑶池仙境建筑的。清初，曾在山顶设置信炮台，由八旗军驻守，居</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">高临下，</span><span lang="EN-US">*'</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">望全城，一旦有警，便可立即发出信号。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1454438.htm"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">北海白塔</span></span></b></a>—
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">藏传喇嘛塔</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">于清初顺治八年</span><span lang="EN-US">(1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，是一座藏式喇嘛塔。据建塔石碑记载，当时</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有西域喇嘛者，欲以佛教阴赞皇猷，请立塔寺，寿国佑民</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，得到皇帝的恩准，于是</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">修建了永安寺和白塔。塔高</span><span lang="EN-US">35.9</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，上圆下方，富有变化，为须弥山座式，塔顶设有宝盖、宝顶，并装饰有日、月及火焰花纹，以表示</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">佛法</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">象日、月那样光</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">芒四射，永照大地。塔身正面有一盾形小龛，内塑红底黄字的藏文图案，含</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">吉祥如意</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 之意。此龛俗称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">眼光门</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，又叫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">时轮金刚门</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">1679</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年该塔被地</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">震所毁，次年重建。</span><span lang="EN-US">1976</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年唐山地震波及 北京，塔顶被损。在修复时，发现塔内主心木中藏有一个二寸见方的金漆盒子，盒盖绘有太极图，盒内藏有两</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">舍利</span><span lang="EN-US"> "</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，证明此塔是一座舍利塔。该塔矗立于琼岛顶峰，绿荫拥簇，巍峨壮美，引人瞩目。这种象征神权的建筑物</span><span lang="EN-US">--</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白塔和永安寺，设置于琼岛的重要位置上，具有主</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">宰全园的气势，以体现</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">君权神授</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的封建思 想，此是帝王宫苑的一大特色。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>善因殿</b> 位于白塔前，是座小巧精致的宗教建筑。殿内供有铜质镏金</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">大威德金刚</span><span lang="EN-US">"(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">俗称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">千手千眼佛</span><span lang="EN-US">")</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">佛像。其殿顶，为上</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">圆下方的双重檐，以表示</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">天圆地方</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">之意。四壁外侧，用佛像琉璃砖装饰，华美而庄重。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">游人至此，居高临下，视野无垠。是观赏京城景致的最佳之地。明朝人士韩雍，曾这样描述他在此处所目击到的景物</span><span lang="EN-US">?quot;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近而太液晴波，天光云影，上下流</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">动；远而西山居庸，叠翠西北，带似白云；东而山海，南而中原，皆一望无际，诚天下之奇观也。</span><span lang="EN-US">"(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">《游西苑记》</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。今天的北京城，大厦林立，道路坦荡，树木</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">繁茂，生机勃勃。古城新姿，早已非昔日可比。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>假山洞 </b>位于琼岛北侧山腰。这里怪石嶙峋，崖险沟深，山洞众多，虽由人工叠砌，却有着天然之美。这些假山、石洞和琼楼玉宇，是按照蓬莱仙境中仙山洞府的传说模式建造起来的，路曲洞幽，令人神迷。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1134913.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">承露盘</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 琼岛西侧的山腰中，竖有一根雕龙汉白玉石柱。柱顶立一铜人，双手高举承托着一个铜盘，名</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仙人承露盘</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。这是清代乾隆帝根据汉武帝设承露盘收集甘露</span><span lang="EN-US">--</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">无根水，用以炼制</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仙丹</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">妙药的典故而仿制的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>延南熏亭</b> 坐落于琼岛北侧，俗称扇面亭。据说，古代舜帝发明五弦琴并谱写了</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">延南熏曲</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。该亭便是根据这个典故命名。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>一房山</b> 在琼岛西侧的驼背桥东，此处山石林立，仿房山形态建造。神话传说，王母娘娘曾居住过燕京的房山。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/754181.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">海眼</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 位于一房山北面，表示与大海相通。旧时在琼岛上下曾设置汲水工具，这里曾有过溪流、瀑布、扬水、喷泉、潜流等水法景致，但已无存。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>阅古楼</b> 坐落于琼岛西北侧的湖畔，建于乾隆十二年</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1747</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，楼呈半圆形，玲珑俊雅。</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">阅古楼</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三字为乾隆手书。楼内墙壁上，镶嵌着中国著名的《</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/780645.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">三希堂法帖</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">》等石刻</span><span lang="EN-US">495</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方，共收集了我国从魏晋至明末</span><span lang="EN-US">135</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">位著名书法家的</span><span lang="EN-US">340</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">件楷书、行书、草书等作品，总计约十万字左右。书法、刻法均极其精美，被称为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">双绝</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。这是一座集我国历代著名书法之大成的杰出建筑，在我国文化艺术史上占有非常重要的地位。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>延楼游廊</b> 呈半圆形，环抱于琼岛北麓的北海湖畔，长</span><span lang="EN-US">300</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，共</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">间，分上下两层。延楼游廊东西两端分别建有</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">倚晴楼</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分凉阁</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。它宛如一条彩带，把</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼岛</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瑶池</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（北海湖）紧密地联系起来，起着烘托和丰富山光水色的重要作用。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>碧照楼</b> 位于延楼游廊中部，楼前为昔日帝后们登舟泛湖的码头。现为</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/17742.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">仿膳饭庄</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的大门。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>漪澜堂</b> 在碧照楼之南，为该处建筑群中的主殿，其西侧为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">道宁斋</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。这组建筑，是乾隆三十六年</span><span lang="EN-US">(1771)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，仿照镇江金山寺建造的。原为帝后们泛舟、垂钓后，休息、进膳之所，现为仿膳饭庄。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>仿膳饭庄</b> 是一家专营正宗宫廷风味的著名饭庄。至今已有七十多年历史。</span><span lang="EN-US">1911</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年清王朝被推翻后，原清宫</span><span lang="EN-US">"<a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/93169.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">御膳房</span></span></a>" </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的厨工也随之失业。</span><span lang="EN-US">1925</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，一位原在清宫御膳房从业的赵仁斋，邀请孙绍然等几位</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">御膳房</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的厨工，在北海北岸开设饭庄，仿照清宫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">御膳</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的做法，制做</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">各种菜点，并取</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿膳</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">之名的。</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1959</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿膳</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由北海北岸迁至今址，不仅扩大了营业面积，而且增添了菜点的花色品种。由于</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿膳</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">菜点制作精致，色形美观，口味讲究，继承了清宫</span><span lang="EN-US">" </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">御膳</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">清、鲜、酥、嫩的特点。主要美食有：清宫点心，宫廷宴席和满汉全席</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">俗称皇帝餐</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">等，享誉中外，深为广大游客所青睐。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1062691.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">琼岛春阴碑</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 在琼岛东麓，立于乾隆十六年</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1751</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，碑文为乾隆所写。</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼岛春阴</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为燕京八景之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 北海湖 为北京城内的最大水域之一。以湖称海，是为取</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">海上三仙岛</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">之意。其水源来自颐和园的昆明 湖，流经紫竹院、什刹海，注入本湖后，通向中南海</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">及故宫的筒子河，然后经通惠河汇入海河而流注渤海。湖面约</span><span lang="EN-US">38</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公顷，湖岸线长</span><span lang="EN-US">3749</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，平均水深</span><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，最深处达</span><span lang="EN-US">2.5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。该湖隆冬时节是天然的溜冰场。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">其他季节均可荡舟嬉戏，是人们最喜爱的城区游乐水域之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1283972.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">濠濮间</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 位于东门</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">陡山门</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">内之北，为北海的园中之园。此处山石环绕，树木茂密，曲涧石桥，游廊厅 厦，环境十分幽雅。清代时，为帝后、近臣的宴饮之处。在颐和园未修复之前，慈禧于夏季常来此避暑、听评书等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>春雨林塘殿</b> 在濠濮间之北。殿外原是清廷的检阅赛箭之处，门外的土山便是当年的箭靶场。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>画舫斋</b> 又称水殿。这是一座以方形水池为中心，回廊四匝的幽静庭院。主体建筑坐北朝南，东西为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜香</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">观妙</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二室。乾隆曾坐冰床来此题词，</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画舫斋</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三字便是他的手迹。清末，慈禧常至此游幸与传膳。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>古柯庭</b> 位于画舫斋东北隅。内有古槐一棵，相传为辽、金时代所植。此处环境幽雅清静，清末，光绪曾在此处读书。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/358160.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">先蚕坛</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 位于东岸最北端。为北京九坛之一，建于乾隆年间。院内广植桑树，原有亲蚕殿等建筑，今多已不存。清代时，每年农历三月的某个吉日，皇后或由她派人来此祭蚕神。该处现为北海幼儿园所在地。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/654448.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">铁影壁</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">竖立于湖北岸</span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">观堂前，为元代遗物，已有六百多年历史。影壁长</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米、高</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，由一块中性火成岩雕成，因颜色和质地象铁，故称铁影壁。影壁两面均雕有云纹</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">异兽图案，风格古朴、雄健。民间传说，这座影壁是为镇慑、遮挡北京的风沙而设。原在德胜门内铁影壁胡同，</span><span lang="EN-US">1947</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年迁来此处。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>五龙亭</b> 此处原是明代泰素殿的旧址，清代顺治八年</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拆除泰素殿，改建为五座亭子。五亭主次分明，飞金走</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">彩，曲桥连缀，若浮若动，酷似游龙戏水，故称五龙亭，为北海湖滨的重要点景。中亭</span><span lang="EN-US">?quot;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">龙泽</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，上圆下方，双重檐。藻井有金龙俯首雕饰。此亭为清代</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">帝后钓鱼、赏月、观看焰火的游乐之处。中亭两侧对称而建四座重檐亭，左边二亭名为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">澄祥</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滋香</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；右边二亭称为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">涌瑞</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">浮翠</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，是群臣陪伴帝后玩</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">耍的地方。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5111.htm">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">小西天</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 位于北海西北隅，是一组宗教建筑群，主要由方殿、万佛楼和阐福寺所组成。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>方殿</b> 原名观音殿，又名</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">海岛</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，俗称西方</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">极乐世界</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，为我国现存最大的亭式木构建筑。方殿四周清流环绕。四面水渠上各</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">跨石桥一座，桥前各建有琉璃牌坊，在水渠外四角，还建有经亭。原来在殿内设有一座南海普陀山泥塑模型，山上塑八百罗汉，俗称罗汉山</span><span lang="EN-US">?quot;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">海岛</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">名称</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">便由此而来，现已无存。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/518678.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">万佛楼</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 也称万福楼，位于方殿之后。公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1770</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，乾隆为其母亲</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">孝圣皇太后</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">做八十大寿时所建。楼内原藏有金质无量寿佛一万尊，但于</span><span lang="EN-US">1900</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年被八国联军抢劫一空，建筑也被破坏殆尽。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1212570.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">阐福寺</span></span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 位于万佛楼东侧，原来殿内有白伞盖佛</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">佛身上嵌有无数珠宝</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、御制碑记等，亦被八国联军所 毁。现辟为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">园林经济植物园</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，院内种有数百种珍贵花木，成为科普教育和游览欣赏的园地。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>九龙壁</b> 中国有三座著名的九龙壁：规模最大、历史最久的一座，在山西省大同市内，为辽代所建；建筑最精、构图最美的一座，</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">即此北海的九龙壁；第三座，在故宫的宁寿门前。后两座均是清代乾隆年间所建。北海九龙壁建于公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1756</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，已有二百多年历史，全部用彩色琉璃砖砌成，长</span><span lang="EN-US"> 25.86</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，高</span><span lang="EN-US">6.65</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，厚</span><span lang="EN-US">1.42</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米。壁的两面各饰有九条蟠龙，戏珠于波涛云雾之中，造型生动，色彩艳丽，工艺高超，为我国琉璃建筑中的珍贵作品。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">它是大西天经厂门前的影壁。建造这样一座影壁，据说是为了镇慑火灾和辟除邪祟。门内为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">大圆镜智宝殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，现已修复</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">巍峨壮丽。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> <b>天王殿</b> 在九龙壁东侧，明代为西天禅林喇嘛庙。清代时重修，改名</span><span lang="EN-US">?quot;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">西天梵境</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，成为一座十分精美壮观的佛寺。殿</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">门外设有华丽的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">须弥春</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琉璃牌坊。殿门内砌有三道琉璃门墙，主要建筑有天王殿、大慈真如宝殿和琉璃阁等。大慈真如宝殿全部用楠木建成，供有三个丈余高的</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">大铜佛。最后面是两层的琉璃阁，为发券无梁殿结构，外墙面嵌砌着五彩琉璃佛像，光彩夺目，尤为壮观。该殿曾遭八国联军和日寇的严重破坏。现已修饰一新，全</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">面开放。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/399951.htm"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">静心斋</span></span></b></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">位于天王殿东北侧，占地面积</span><span lang="EN-US">4700</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平方米。是一座建筑别致、风格独特的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">园中之园</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。该园建于乾隆二十二年</span><span lang="EN-US">(1757)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，初名镜清斋。光绪十一年</span><span lang="EN-US"> (1885)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重修，又称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">乾隆小花园</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，成为清代的行宫及皇太子的书斋。当年，慈禧常乘小火车从中南海来此避暑，</span><span lang="EN-US">1913</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年改为今名。北海自</span><span lang="EN-US">1925</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年辟</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为公园以来，此处从未开放过。现经大力修整，已供游人参观。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">该处主要建筑有静心斋、韵琴斋、抱素书屋、枕峦亭、叠翠楼及沁泉廊等。位于西北侧的叠翠楼</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为园内的最高建筑，楼高两层，登楼远眺，北海景色尽收眼底。该园以山、池、桥、廊、亭、殿、阁的优美建筑布局取胜，是一座风光如画，妙趣无穷的小巧园林，</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为园林艺术中的杰作之一。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p>
游园须知
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">游园须知：</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 北海公园是中国现存历史最悠久、保存最完整的古典皇家园林，是国家重点文物保护单位和</span><span lang="EN-US">AAAA</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">级旅游景区。请您在公园游览时注意如下事项，同我们携手共创文明景区。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
<br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 一、请您自觉维护游览秩序。按顺序排队购票入园，不拥挤，不堵塞道路和出入口。入园时，请主动出示入园票证。静馆静园后，不继续逗留、路宿。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 二、请您注意自身游览安全。不要在湖里游泳，不要在非开放的冰面滑冰或行走，不要攀登山石。游览时注意行走安全，避开井盖，在山道、台阶、码头等处上</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">下行走时，请注意站稳、慢行、细观察，以防不慎跌伤。要注意保管好自己随身的物品，以防丢失。儿童、行动不便的老人须在家人陪同下游园。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 三、请您自觉维护公共秩序。未经公园批准各种车辆不准入园。不私自使用较大功率的音响播放音乐。不在路椅上躺卧，不在园内打闹、追逐或奔跑，不私设或圈围场地进行打球和踢球运动。不翻越、毁坏围墙和围栏。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 四、请您自觉遵守法律法规。严禁在园内组织各种非法集会活动。不打架斗殴、不聚众闹事、不搞封建迷信、不以任何形式进行赌博等非法活动。严禁在园内进行非法兜售商品、散发或张贴广告宣传品。严禁携带各种枪支弹药、凶器、易燃易爆物品以及动物进园。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 五、请您保护文物和公共设施。不在名胜古迹、庭院建筑、古树名木和公共设施上涂抹、刻画或张贴、悬挂物品；不拓刻碑文和抚摸文物展品。未经批准不得进行随团摄像、拍摄电影和电视等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 六、请您爱护公园花草树木。不践踏草坪，不攀折花果，不在绿地内挖野菜、挖树根、挖土、捡拾树仔等，不利用树木做健身运动。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 七、</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">请您保护公园环境卫生。不随地吐痰、便溺，不乱扔废弃物，不掏拾果皮箱内废弃物。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 八、</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">请您自觉维护公园湖水环境，禁止在园内水域投网捕鱼或钓鱼。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 九、</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">请您不要在防火区域动用明火，严禁在古建筑内、古树名木周围和禁烟区域内吸烟或动用明火。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 十、请您爱护野生动物。不捕猎、不恫吓、不投喂投打。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">地址：西城区文津街</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">号</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
<br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 交通：公共汽车</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">101</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">103</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">109</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">124</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">812</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">814</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">846</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">到北海前门，</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">42</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">107</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">111</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">118</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">810</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">701</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">823</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">到北海后门。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 开放时间：</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、公园开放时间：</span><span lang="EN-US">6:00-22:00<br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、琼华岛景区开放时间：</span><span lang="EN-US">8:30-18:00<br/>
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<!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><br/>
<!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span></p> <p>魑殇真是有心人！赞！</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北海公园位于</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2431.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">北京市</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中心区，与中海、南海合称三海。中国古代</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/646836.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">皇家园林</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。全园以北海为中心，面积约</span><span lang="EN-US">71</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公顷。辽、金、元建离宫，明、清辟为帝王御苑，</span><span lang="EN-US">1925</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年开放为公园。园内亭台别致，游廊曲折。琼岛上有高</span><span lang="EN-US">67</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米的藏式白塔（建于</span><span lang="EN-US">1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）和</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/470146.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">永安寺</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、庆霄楼、漪澜堂、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/996629.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">阅古楼</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，还有清乾隆帝所题燕京八景之一的</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/42208.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">琼岛春阴</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">碑石及假山、邃洞等。东北岸有</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/399777.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">画舫斋</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/400652.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">濠濮涧</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、镜清斋、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/320462.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">天王殿</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/399891.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">五龙亭</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/60438.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">九龙壁</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">等建筑；其南为屹立水滨的北海</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/16514.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">团城</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，城上葱郁的松柏丛中有造型精巧的</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/996614.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">承光殿</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。是中国保留下来的最悠久最完整的皇家园林。已列为中国</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/163959.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">全国重点文物保护单位</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。是国家</span><span lang="EN-US">AAAA</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">级旅游景区。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
<br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 北海公园位于</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2621.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">北京</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">城内</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/16647.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">景山</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">西侧，在</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5681.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">故宫</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的西北面，因与中海、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15793.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">南海</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分称三海而得名。这里原是</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/65602.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">辽</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/36077.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">金</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、元、明、清</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">个朝代逐渐修建而成的帝王宫苑，是我国现存最古老、最完整、最具综合性和代表性的皇家园林之一。全园以神话中的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一池三仙山</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/633136.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">太液池</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28398.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">蓬莱</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38919.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">方丈</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/368772.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">瀛洲</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">）构思布局，形式独特，富有浓厚的幻想意境色彩。</span></p> <b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">【传说】</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br/>
<br/>
</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;"> 北海的建设源于一个古老的神话：据说，浩翰的东海上有三座仙山，叫做蓬莱、瀛洲、方丈；山上住着长生不死的神仙。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2389.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">秦始皇</span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">统</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">一中国后，派方士徐福前往东海寻找不死药，可一无所获。到了汉朝，汉武帝也做起了长生不死之梦，可寻找仍然没有结果，于是下令在长安北面挖了一个大水池，</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">“</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">太液池</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">”</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">，池中堆起三座假山，分别以蓬莱、濒洲、方丈三仙山命名。自此以后，历代皇帝都喜欢仿效</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">一池三山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">的形式来建造皇家宫苑。北海采取的正是这</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">种形式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">--</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">北海象征</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">太液池</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">琼华岛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">是蓬莱，原在水中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">团城</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">犀山台</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">则象征瀛洲和方丈。园中有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">吕公洞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">仙人庵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">铜仙承露盘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">"</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">等许</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">多求仙的遗迹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br/>
<!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><br/>
<!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">悠久的建园历史</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北海的总面积为</span><span lang="EN-US">1063</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">市亩，水面占</span><span lang="EN-US">583</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">市亩，陆地占</span><span lang="EN-US">480</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">市亩。这里水面开阔，湖光塔影，苍松翠柏，花木芬芳，亭台楼阁，叠石岩洞，绚丽多姿，优如仙</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">境。北海园林是根据我国古代神话故事《西王母传》中描写的仙境建造的，历经辽，金、元、明、清五代，逐步形成了今天的格局。战国时还传说，渤海东面有</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">蓬</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">菜</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瀛洲</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方丈</span><span lang="EN-US">"3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">座仙山，山上住有神仙，藏有长生不老药。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US">221</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，秦始皇统一中国后，派方士徐福等带童男女数千人，渡海找</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">座</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仙山</span><span lang="EN-US"> "</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，寻长生不老药，未果；便在兰池宫建百里长池，筑土为蓬菜山，刻石为鲸，长</span><span lang="EN-US">200</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">丈。到了汉朝，汉武帝重蹈覆辙，仍未找到仙山，于是降旨在建章宫后挖一</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">个大水池，取名</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">太液池</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。将挖出的泥土的池中堆了</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">座山，象征蓬菜、瀛洲、方丈</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">座仙山。此后历代皇帝都在宫殿附近建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一池三山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，北海林也是继承这个</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">传统而建的。北海和中南还是太液池，琼化岛如</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">蓬菜</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，团城为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瀛洲</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，中海犀山台似</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方丈</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。今天我们不仅能看到琼化岛上的犹如仙境的亭台楼阁，而且还</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">能看到神人庵、吕公洞以及铜仙承露盘等传说中的仙岛景物。北海不但保留着把神仙宫苑幻想意境用高超的造园艺术实现于历史上高峰期的基本形态，而且还把我国</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">寺庙园林、江南文人园林和宗教名胜艺术的成就融合在整个宫苑之内，其规模之宏大，历史之悠久，艺术成就之高超，确实是中国皇家园林中的精品之作。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北海</span><span lang="EN-US">1000</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年的历史和北京城的发展有着密切的联系。最初这里是永定河故道，河道自然南迁后留下一片原野和池塘。早在辽代，辽太宗耶律德光在会同元年</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">（</span><span lang="EN-US">938</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）建都燕京后，就在城东北郊</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白莲潭</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（即北海）建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瑶屿行宫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，在岛顶建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">广寒殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">等。《辽史》记：</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">西城巅有凉殿（即广寒殿），东北隅有燕</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">角楼、坊市、观，盖不胜书</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。《洪武北平图经》记</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼华岛辽时为瑶屿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。以上史实均可说明</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瑶屿行宫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的存在。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">金灭辽后，改燕京为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中都</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。金海陵王完颜亮天德二年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1150</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">）扩建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瑶屿行宫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，增建了</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瑶光殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。金大定三年至十九年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1163</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">--1179</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">金世宗仿照了北宗汴梁（今河南开封）艮岳园，建琼华岛，并从</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">艮岳</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">御苑运来大量太湖石砌成假山岩洞，在中都的东北郊以瑶屿（即北海）为中心，修建大宁离</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">宫。从那时起，北海就基本形成了今天皇家宫苑格局。当时把挖</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">金海</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的土扩充成岛屿和环海的小山，岛称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼华岛</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，水称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">西华潭</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，并重修</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">广寒殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">等建</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">筑。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1264</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，元世祖忽必烈决定在旧中都城东北郊选择新址，营建大都。至元元年到至元八年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1264--1271</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），忽必烈三次扩建琼华岛，重建广寒</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">殿。广寒殿东西宽</span><span lang="EN-US">120</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">尺，深</span><span lang="EN-US">62</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">尺，高</span><span lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">尺，殿广</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">间，作为帝王朝会之处。殿中放置</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">渎山大玉海</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（今北海团城内的大玉瓮），建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">玉殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">放</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">五山珍玉</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">榻</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（今在台北），并建有一座玉制假山，殿顶悬挂玉制响铁，殿内另有两个小石笋各有龙头，喷吐着从山后用水车提上来的湖水。可见当时的广寒殿宏伟浩大，构</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">思巧妙，奢华无比。至元八年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1271</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），琼华岛改称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">万寿山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（又称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">万岁山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">）。以琼华岛为中心，又在湖的东西两岸营建宫殿，将北海建成一个颇有气</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">派的皇家御园。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公元</span><span lang="EN-US">1368</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年明太祖朱元璋定都南京。就在这一年，大将徐达进占大都，大都改称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北平</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。朱元璋死后，燕王朱棣发动</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">靖难之役</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，从他侄儿手里夺取了帝位，将都城从南京迁到北平，改名</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北京</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">明朝在元朝的基础上，对北海又加以扩充、修葺，但基本上保持了元代北海的格局。到了明代宣德年间，宣宗朱瞻基（</span><span lang="EN-US">1426--1435</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），对</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">万岁山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">进</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">行大规模的扩建和修缮在圆坻（今团城）修复了仪天殿，在圆坻南面小岛上的建起了犀山抬圆殿，在团城的东部拆桥填土，将其与陆地相连。明天顺二年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1458 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），在北海北岸（现五龙亭处）建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">太素殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，由于用锡做材料，又称为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">锡殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，也叫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">避暑凉殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。修建此殿役使工匠</span><span lang="EN-US">3000</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">余人，用白银</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">万两。在东</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">岸建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">凝和殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">；在西岸建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">迎翠殿</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。把团城西面的八孔中断的石桥（原断部有吊桥）改为九孔石桥，称为金鳌玉虫东桥。在新开挖的南海瀛台上的建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">昭和殿</span><span lang="EN-US">" </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">等建筑。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">明万历七年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1579</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">），</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">万岁山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">上历经四朝</span><span lang="EN-US">600</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">余年风雨战乱的广寒殿坍毁，人间天宫主景建筑从此化为乌有，成为千古憾事。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
1644</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年李自成攻进北京，崇祯皇帝自缢，明朝覆灭，清军入关，巧得天下，建都于京。</span><span lang="EN-US">1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，为民族和睦，清世祖福临根据西藏喇嘛恼木汗的请求，在广</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">寒殿的废址上建藏式白塔，在塔前建</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白塔寺</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（正觉殿为山门）。因为岛上建起了喇嘛佛塔，山名也就改称为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白塔山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">了。清高宗弘历乾隆六年至三十六年</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1741</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">--1771</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），对北海进行了大规模的修葺和增建，前后连续施工</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年之久，建起了许多亭、台、殿、阁。清乾隆自谓</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">园林之乐，不能忘怀</span><span lang="EN-US"> "</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，于是把江南园林的精华、文人写意、山水园林引进皇家宫苑，先后建成北海的静心斋、画舫斋、濠濮间等</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">园中之园</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。晚清时期，光绪十一年至十四年</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1885</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">--1888</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）那拉氏（慈禧）用海军经费重修</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三海</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">建筑，在西岸和北岸沿湖铺设了中国第一条铁路，在静心斋前修建小火车站，供慈禧乘小火</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">车来园游宴。清光绪二十六年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1900</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），八国联军侵入北京，北海掺遭践踏。北岸的澄观堂设立了联军司令部，万佛楼的</span><span lang="EN-US">10000</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">多个金佛及园内其他宝物</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">被洗劫一空。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">辛亥革命推翻清王朝后，北海闭园</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">余年，园林建筑略经修缮后于</span><span lang="EN-US">1925</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日才正式开放为公园。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
1949</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年中华人民和国成立后，疏浚了湖泊，维修了古建筑，铺设甬道，增设了公共服务设施，使古老的北海焕然一新。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北海公园位于北京城的中心区，主要由北海湖和琼华岛所组成。面积</span><span lang="EN-US">68</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公顷，其中水面约</span><span lang="EN-US">39</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公顷，陆地为</span><span lang="EN-US">29</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公顷。这里原是辽、金、元、明、清五个封建王朝</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的皇家</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">禁苑</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，已有上千年历史。琼华岛临水而立，挺拔秀丽，为全园的主体。岛上白塔高耸，殿阁参差；岛下碧波浩淼，游船如织。沿湖岸上，绿柳垂丝，百花</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">织锦，亭台楼榭，掩映其中。整座园林充满一派诗情画意的旖旎风光。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 北海公园全园以北海为中心，面积达到</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平方公里（其中水面约</span><span lang="EN-US">3.9</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平方公里）。湖口琼华岛上建的藏式白塔为全园标志。漪澜堂波相光映；濠濮间游廊曲折。北海北岸是几组宗教建筑，有小西天、大西天、阐福寺，西天梵境等，还有五色</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/29975.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">琉璃</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镶砌的九龙壁，两面各有</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/302225.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">蟠龙</span></span></a>9 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">条，戏珠于波涛云际，造型生动，色彩明快。园内还保存有文物铁影壁、一座</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">面多角形塔式石幢、</span><span lang="EN-US">495</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方历代著名书法家真迹、万岁山团城和承光殿玉佛等。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">北海团城内的玉佛高琢</span><span lang="EN-US">1.6</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，为整块白玉雕而成，佛身镶嵌宝石，通体莹润，珠光夺目，极为珍贵。其左留臂有一刀痕，为</span><span lang="EN-US">1900</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年八国联军侵略北京时留下</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的罪证。团城承光前的巨型玉瓮</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">渎山大玉海</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重达</span><span lang="EN-US">3500</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">公斤，气势逼人。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">全园以神话中的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一池三仙山</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（太液池、蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲）构思布局，形式独特，富有浓厚的幻想意境色彩。有着</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仙山琼阁</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的美誉。全园布局以琼岛为中</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">心，山顶白塔耸立，南面寺院依山势排列，直达山麓岸边的牌坊，一桥横跨，与团城的承光殿气势连贯，遥相呼应北面山顶至山麓，亭阁楼榭隐现于幽邃的山石之</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">间，穿插交错，富于变化。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 山下为傍水环岛而建的半圆形游廊，东接倚晴楼，西连分凉阁，曲折巧妙而饶有意趣。北海公园的主要景点由三部分组成。南部以团城为主要景区，中部以琼华岛上的永安寺，白塔，悦心殿等为主要景点，北部则以五龙亭，小西天，静心斋为重点。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 琼华岛位于北海公园太液池的南部，岛上建筑依山势布局，高低错落有致，掩映于苍松翠柏中，南面以永安寺为主体，并有法殿，正觉殿等。东南面有石桥和岸</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">边相连，有风景如画的景山。永安寺白塔始建成于１６５１年，塔高３５</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">９米，塔基为砖石须弥座，座上有三层圆台，百塔下有</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">藏井</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，团城位于北京公园南门</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">西侧，享有：</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">北京城中之城</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">之称。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 团城处于故宫、景山、中南海、北海之间，四周风光如画，苍松翠柏。碧瓦朱恒的建筑，构成了北京市内最优美的风景区。承光殿位于城台中央，内有龛一座，供奉着用整块玉雕琢的白色玉佛像一尊，高１</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">５米，头顶及衣服以红绿宝石佛像面容慈祥，面向洁白无瑕，光泽清润。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 团城上有金代所植的栝子松，距今有８００多年的历史。是北京最古老的树林，还有数百年树龄的白皮松两棵，探海松一棵，后天帝曾封栝子人参为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">遮荫侯</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，白皮人参为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">白袍将军</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，探海松为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">探海侯</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。三树皆树色苍翠，更加衬托团城的幽静环境。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 北海为什么是</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一池三山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的布局呢？</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一池三山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的布局源自于中国古代道家关于东海之东有</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">蓬莱、瀛洲、方丈</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三座仙山的传说。由于三座仙山上有长生不老药，一些希望万寿无疆的皇帝们便</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">竭力寻找蓬莱仙境。秦始皇派遣徐福率领五百童男童女东渡寻找蓬莱仙境不得，后来的皇帝们遂按照传说中的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瑶池三仙山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的布局来建造皇家宫苑以求梦想成真。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">北海的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一池三山</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">正是仿照了传说的仙境中瑶池与蓬莱、瀛洲、方丈三座仙山的布局。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 从南门入园，踏上建于元初的永安桥，见名为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">堆云</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">积翠</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">两座彩绘牌坊，迎面就是全园的中心</span><span lang="EN-US">--</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼华岛，简称琼岛。岛上绿荫如</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">盖，殿阁相连。对面便是初建于清顺治八年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）的白塔寺，清乾隆</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">八年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1743</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）改为永安寺。主要建筑有法轮殿、正觉殿、普安殿、配殿、</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">廊庑、钟鼓楼等。自下而上，依山势而筑。当年帝后们游园后，常来寺烧</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">香拜怫。正觉殿前，建有</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">涤霭</span><span lang="EN-US">" </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">引胜</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">云依</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">意远</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四亭，</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">对称而典雅美观。由此拾级登上白塔。白塔建于清顺治八年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">这座藏式喇嘛塔，高</span><span lang="EN-US">5.9</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，塔身呈宝瓶形，上部为两层铜质伞盖，顶上</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">设鎏金宝珠塔刹，下筑折角式须弥塔座。塔内藏有喇嘛经文、衣钵和两颗</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">舍利。塔前有座小巧精致的善因殿。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 琼岛的西面原是清代皇帝游园时休息、议事或举行宴会的悦心殿。殿后</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的庆霄楼系乾隆帝陪其母后冬季观看冰上掷球竞技的地方。在西北面有阅古</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">楼，楼内存放自魏晋至明代的法帖</span><span lang="EN-US">340</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">件，题跋</span><span lang="EN-US">210</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">多件，刻石</span><span lang="EN-US">495</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方。内壁</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">嵌存的摹刻故宫中的《三希堂法帖》，堪称墨宝，为清乾隆年间原物。这一</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">带还有琳光殿，延南熏亭和山腰中的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">铜仙承露盘</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 琼岛的东北坡古木参天，这里便是</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">燕京八景</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">之一的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼岛春荫</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">沿着乾隆帝御题的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">琼岛春荫碑</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">旁的小路前行，可直通迂回曲折的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">见</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">春亭</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">看画廊</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，眼前的景色犹如一幅天然山水画，美不胜收。廊外</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">有湖石堆砌的幽洞石室，变幻无穷。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 沿湖边北面的山麓下，有原为帝后们垂钓、泛舟后休息、进膳的漪澜堂，</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">现已开设仿膳饭庄。漪澜堂向东有</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">濠濮间</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画舫斋</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">两组建筑，布置</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">精巧，环境幽静，构成园中之园。清代的帝后、大臣们常在濠濮间宴饮。画</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">舫斋系清代皇家行宫之一，也是皇帝约集著名画家作画之所。门外是检阅射</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">箭的地方。其南为</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">春雨林塘</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">殿，东系</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜香室</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，西是</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">观妙室</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 它的西北面有个建在水上的小院，称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">小玲珑</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，与曲廊相连接。由此折向东</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">北院的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主柯庭</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前，可观赏一株</span><span lang="EN-US">800</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">多年的古槐。再往北有座方形的</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">蚕</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">坛</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，系清代后妃们祭祀蚕神之处，也是北京九坛之一。从蚕坛西行，不远</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">就到静心斋，面积</span><span lang="EN-US">4700</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平方米，原为乾隆帝书苑，称乾隆小花园。后来辟作</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">皇子的书斋。静心斋往西是天王殿。正殿系楠木建筑，这里是翻译和印刷大</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">藏经的地方。后面的琉璃阁为发券式无梁殿结构，壁上嵌满琉璃佛像，光彩</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">夺目。天王殿西侧，有座用</span><span lang="EN-US">424</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">块七色琉璃砖砌成的九龙壁。它建于清乾陵</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">二十一年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1756</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）。长</span><span lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span><span lang="EN-US">86</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，高</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span><span lang="EN-US">65</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，厚</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span><span lang="EN-US">42</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，为我国三座著</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">名的九龙壁中最精美的一座。沿九龙壁南行，有座</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">铁影壁</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，长</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span><span lang="EN-US">56</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">高</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．</span><span lang="EN-US">89</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">米，颜色与质地如同铁铸，双面雕到云纹与怪兽，为元代浮雕艺术</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">珍品。铁影壁北面，有三进院落。主建筑曾是乾隆帝礼佛前后的更衣处和</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">游憩的别馆。清乾隆四十四年（</span><span lang="EN-US">1779</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年），为保护王羲之的《</span><span lang="EN-US"><a target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/68937.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">快雪时晴帖</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">》，</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">增建了一个院落，名</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">快雪堂</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。西面，沿湖有五座亭子，建于清顺治八年</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1651</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年）。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 五亭主次分明，飞金走彩，远望如同五龙浮动，故称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">五龙亭</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">这里为清代帝后们赏月、钓鱼、观看焰火的游乐之处。亭的西隅，有一大片</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">建筑群，总称</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">小西天</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。其中</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">万佛楼</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">极乐世界</span><span lang="EN-US">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">是主体建筑，这</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">是乾隆帝特地为生母孝圣皇太后祝寿祈福而建造的。</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">回到永安桥，往南走，便可登上园外团城游览了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/>
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 北海公园继承了中国历代的造园传统，博采各地造园技艺所长，兼有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p> <p>古钟和魑殇配合默契呀.</p> 据说，北海在文革以前一直被江青占着，有这事吗？哪位知道的说来听听？
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