北京民宅上的"门钹"
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red;"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><font face="Times New Roman"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 144pt; mso-char-indent-count: 8.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">北京民宅上的“门钹”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“门钹”,即门环,是北京民宅,特别是大大小小四合院院门上不可少的饰物。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">俗话说,门是一户人家的脸面,表示其身份和地位。所以北京的民宅中,稍有点脸面的院门上几乎都有一对金属饰物,官名叫“门钹”,北京人称作门环。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">门环的种类很多,其中最常见的门环呈六方形,方约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">寸左右,中部突起,在凸出的中部吊有树叶状的铁片或铁环。在与门板固定的地方呈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">角状,上有孔、穿钉、穿销,与门板结合在一起。由于六角形的门环状如乐器中的“钹”也似防雨戴的草帽,所以也有人称之为扣在门的“铁草帽”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">门环一般是为开关门方便之用,多为铁制物,铜制且上装饰有兽面的只有王府才能享用。院内人出门时双手拉住中部的叶状片或铁环带上门;外来人则轻扣门环,以唤院内人开门。有熟人来,扣的响数和轻重都有常数。过去,小孩淘气扣人家门环取乐的事常有之,扣完就跑主人出来也找不着人。不过这样的事很少,否则把主人累坏了。除有急事需重扣门环外,过去的扣门环外,过去的扣门环声也堪为北京胡同一景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 112pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 8.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 144pt; mso-char-indent-count: 8.0;"> <stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" oextrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock><shape id="_x0000_i1025" opreferrelative="f" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 76.5pt; 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