北京国子监与科举监生制度
<p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 249.44pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">国子监监生</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '隶书'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><font face="隶书">－</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">太学生</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><p></p></span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 16pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">明清 两代称在国子监（明清国家最高学府）读书或取得进国子监读书资格的人，</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">属国家在监学习的高级生员（秀才），监生不同于在地方官学学习的秀才，其监生的身份，可以使其不必通过中央三级考试而直接为官，而若想以后金殿传胪，状元高中，凭借国子监中优秀导师的培养，也大大的增加了未来及第的机率</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '隶书'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">。</span></p><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 16pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '隶书'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '隶书'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><p> <table style="MARGIN-LEFT: 6.8pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse;"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 35.25pt;"><td valign="top" width="924" colspan="2" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 693pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 290.24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">明清两代国子监监生分类</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 30pt;"><td valign="top" width="108" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">恩监</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="816" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 612pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">凡文武官员有功或死难者，亦得荫一子入监，为“恩监”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 30pt;"><td valign="top" width="108" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">荫监</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="816" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 612pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">在朝文官三品以上，得荫一子入监读书，为“荫监”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 37.5pt;"><td valign="top" width="108" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">贡监</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="816" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 612pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">通过五贡，以贡生的身份贡入国子监读书者。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 29.25pt;"><td valign="top" width="108" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">举监</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="816" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 612pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">在举人会试中落第而成绩尚优者，可入监读书，等待下科再试，称为“举监”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 29.25pt;"><td valign="top" width="108" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">例监</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="816" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 612pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,0,0) 0.5pt solid;"><p class="0" style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">捐钱，买得监生身份，称为“例监”，也称“捐监”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312';"><p></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><a name="baidusnap0"></a><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></p></span></p><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/20071281425754660.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/200712814252062136.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/200712814254414126.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/20071281426638285.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/200712814262716489.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/200712814264214858.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/200712814265916390.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-12/200712814271662659.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>
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