张中行先生笔下的报国寺
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 张中老的文集中,有一篇记述广安门报国寺的文章,题目就叫报国寺。旁征博引,感悟的哲理,吊古的情怀,还不乏一丝浪漫的色彩。文章一开始列出报国寺</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">值得说说</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的五大理由:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">是因为一,得地独厚,辽、金、元、明、清五朝,除元大都以外,都在城里;二寺内殿前双松大,毗卢阁高,窑变观音像精美,清朝文人笔记多谈到;三最重要,是清朝早期每月初一、十五、二十五有书市,从而就流传不少文人雅事;四是寺西南隅有清朝晚期何绍基、张穆建的顾亭林祠,因为顾亭林曾在这里寓居;还有五,经过文化大革命,北京的佛寺已经毁坏殆尽,这报国寺也许因为堂庑特大吧,却还有遗存,并且据说,有意修复,以保存旧迹云云。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 张先生引孙殿起的《琉璃厂小志》介绍了寺里的双松;又引孙国玫的《燕都游览志》介绍毗卢阁和阁内的窑变观音像;写了报国寺的书市:书市的事和逛书市的人,为诗人王渔洋写了许多;也引了不少当时文人的诗文。并且引明末清初余怀的《板桥杂记》中的文字,叙述了关于美女的掌故,清初,秦淮河旁的名妓顾媚,死后在报国寺毗卢阁停灵。余怀的书中为二十多位秦淮河的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">校书</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(妓女的雅称)立传,顾媚是其中之一,着墨较多:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">顾媚,字眉生,又名眉。庄妍靓雅,风度超群,鬓发如云,桃花满面,弓弯纤小,腰支轻亚。通文史、善画兰,追步马守真而姿容胜之……归合肥龚尚书芝麓(名鼎孳,高官兼大名士)……嗣后还京师,以病死……吊者车数百乘,备极哀荣。改姓徐,世又称徐夫人。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">除了描写顾美人姿容的句子,这归字,是说女士脱离了原来的职业,从良嫁人,跟了龚鼎孳尚书;从南京来到北京,病死了,向遗体告别的,光有车族就几百人(现在的报国寺可没那么大的停车场),风光十分,部长夫人的丧事这么排场,不知是对顾女士的追星表现,还是拍部长的马屁?<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 文中说:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">我到过报国寺,而且不止一次,早的,大概是30年代初,年轻,精力旺盛喜欢到各处看看。广安门一带有几处有名的寺院,内是法源寺、崇效寺、长椿寺、报国寺,外是天宁寺。崇效寺看牡丹,天宁寺看塔,去的次数多;报国寺即无花又无塔,可是有顾亭林祠,所以每次从寺前大街过也想拐进去看一看。祠在寺的西南角,门不大,向南,像是总闭着,所以只能望望门楣上的额,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">顾先生祠</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,发一点点思古之幽情,寺已经残毁,也许连僧人也不再有吧?只记得没进去过,但环绕院墙向内望望,仍感到有庄严肃穆之气。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">不久前进去过的一次。是1990年春天……看见围墙有个大豁口,往里看,正好对着寺的大雄宝殿。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">问里边的人,说正在修整,想恢复原状。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">出来,北行不远,左方有两座民居的楼房……我审度地势,推断这楼房是占用寺的最北部;……或者就是昔年的毗卢阁。沧海桑田,虽然并不新奇,失去的总是太多了。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 当天张先生把报国寺写进了日记,还写了一首诗:<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">慈仁废寺夕阳中,(报国寺的全称是大报国慈仁寺)<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 旧阁名存迹已空。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 金粉玉楼随梦去,<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 只留华发对春风。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">又自我调侃说:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">复看一遍,想到发已华,还不能忘玉楼中的金粉,人生难道就是这么回事?但总是皆往矣,不禁为之惘然。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 本人是守着这座庙长大变老的,现在站自家院中依然抬头见庙里的殿角,出门撞庙外的红墙,所以张中老这篇文章读来兴致格外浓厚。近年报国寺几乎名满天下,不因它是文物保护单位,只因它是城内仅次潘家园的收藏品市场。人气旺盛,热闹非凡。日遇双休,庙内人满,庙外路塞,绝无张先生说的庄严肃穆之气了。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"> 民国以来寺内就没有宗教活动了。先是在这里办知行中学;日伪时期又成了日军的军需库;1945年日本投降以后,成了河北田粮管理处的粮库;49年后粮食部在这里办公;69年归了高熔金属厂,82年迁出;90年着手修复,95年完工;97年开办收藏品市场,至今。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 19.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">报国寺前街虽然很短,却一直是广内大街的繁华地。街口两旁原来有两个高大的砖柱,如同广场上立的标语塔,尖顶,出沿。顶和四框暗红色,中间白地上有黑字,五十年代初才拆除;现在街口上是修了一座仿古牌坊。当年路两旁茶馆酒肆、饭摊饭馆林立。路西书茶馆,每晚灯下开书、风雨无阻;东夹道乐培园胡同,以前是低级妓院集中地,49年查封时有8家。西夹道是旅店、鸡毛小店多。庙后部是个小山一样的大土堆,孩子们常爬上去玩耍,就是张先生文中提到的居民楼的位置。这个土堆是这一带最高的,上面修有工事,站在顶上俯视四周,真有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">一览众山小”的劲头。庙东北是和长椿寺相连的浙寺、妙光阁、浙江义地。西北是善果寺,正北是一片高低起伏的空旷地带,一条土路从西南斜向东北到宣武门护城河边上。天干气燥的季节,爆土扬烟,风起处,黄烟滚滚。现在是宣武艺园,50年代初和市府大楼的修建同步,开辟了这个小公园。利用原地势的起伏,随高就低修整的错落有致,种花植草,栽树育林;80年代初挖池塘、叠假山、建亭台楼榭。现在,花木葱茏,回廊曲径,步步是景,处处宜人,已成宣南一景。 <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 19.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">报国寺前街两侧听说要建街头公园,以使报国寺突显在广安门大街上,那时报国寺将更风光更气派。唯顾先生祠的门楼及匾额没能保留。张中老倘能重游则会一喜一憾了。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p>[此贴子已经被作者于2007-12-9 10:34:00编辑过] <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>热河都统</i>在2007-12-10 20:25:15的发言:</b><br/><p>报国寺现在卖钱币和杂件的比较多,不过假的很多,</p><p>周四六日人多</p></div>呵呵!不是假的多,是基本就没真的! <p>报国寺现在卖钱币和杂件的比较多,不过假的很多,</p><p>周四六日人多</p>
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