蹦碴碴123 发表于 2007-8-20 09:47:00

清朝的特种部队——健锐营..旗营里的妇女生活

<p><a id="articleTitle">清朝的特种部队——健锐营</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">千年的媳妇熬成婆<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 184pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 16.0; mso-char-indent-size: 11.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">——旗营老人话吃食<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 11.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营里的妇女做饭是营中老人们传下来的,俗话说:“千年的媳妇熬成婆”,她们的做饭、做菜技艺很高,而且十分符合农历的岁时节令。开春时吃豆芽菜卷饼,初夏时是“糊沓子”,酷热时吃过水凉面,秋天吃猪肉小碗炸酱,面码非有七八种不可。春季的豆面饽饽,夏天的酥皮饽饽,秋时的粘豆饽饽,冬天的冻粘糕饽饽。 “头伏饺子二伏面,三伏烙饼摊鸡蛋”,应时节令,旗营里的人必吃必喝。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营里的家庭最重视吃喝。早晨起床漱口后,先沏上小叶茶或高碎、高末,然后吃早点。一般的家庭干的(主食)为烧饼,稀的为大米粥、玉米面粥。旗营里的重吃重喝,引得营子外面的饽饽铺师傅们备加照顾,经常定时定点的送糕点上门。这种买卖很奇怪,当时买者不付钱也可以,因为卖方深深知道,营子里有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">铁杆庄稼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,不会赖着不还。另外,旗营人都守信用,更好面子,一般都借三还四。不过,这些营外商贩是断断不敢赊与其他村人的。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营里家家户户都有点心盒,闲时便吃,图个方便。吃饭之际,必有酒肉和适当的小菜,为的是吃</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">顺口</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。吃完晚饭要上时令瓜果,差不多的人家都存有红果酱。当然,这情景是清盛时之景,到了民国,旗营支离破碎,哪里还提得到吃。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营家十分重视岁时。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">头伏饺子二伏面,三伏烙饼摊鸡蛋</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,应时节令,必吃必喝。每当来客时,除自备酒饭外,多到营外饭铺叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">盒子菜</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。其实吃是一方面,二是有礼貌,同样一件事,有人说满族人是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">穷摆谱</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。比如清晨一起,旧时人们没有刷牙的习惯,一般人起来就吃。旗营人则不同,总要在清口(洗漱)后喝一壶茶,再吃东西。理由是一夜了,肚子里存不少秽气,喝茶先湿一下食道,吃时觉得香、顺溜,一天都精神。营里人为喝早茶起了一个好听的名字</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">冲龙沟</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营子里的老人在喝茶方面都是一样,不来客人时,一把小瓷壶,续两回茶叶,喝上一天。就连营子与营子串亲戚送的礼品再多,也少不了半斤好茶叶。营子里人爱喝茉莉花茶,酽、香、色浓,顶时候,不似绿茶,喝两碗又没味,又没色。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营子里的男人有吸鼻烟的习惯。鼻烟是外国传来的。虽在明末,但用着甚少,而且来货极微。到了康熙年间。欧洲各国给中国皇帝送的礼物里就有了大量鼻烟,当时叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">士那乎</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。到了雍正年,才正式有了鼻烟这个名子。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  嘉庆、道光年间,王爷、大臣们闻鼻烟的特别多,皇上举行的千叟宴上专有赏赐。到了咸丰、同治年间,北京城闻鼻烟的特别多,上至皇帝,下至天桥打把式的、卖艺的、摔跤的、赶大车的都吸鼻烟。营子里的老人讲,吸鼻烟能明目、祛疾、防止伤风感冒,可谓:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">玉瓶内装闻烟粉,馨香内脏提精神。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">老人讲:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">吸鼻烟,又叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">大蝴蝶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,实际是抹鼻烟,将鼻烟壶中的鼻烟末倒在手上,用大姆指,食指拈一点,一左、一右,抹在鼻孔内,一吸气眼睛发亮、脑门清凉,那股痛快劲就甭提了。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  清末及至民国,营子里吸鼻烟的人特别多,类似今天抽烟卷的。镶红旗鄂家的大小子把吸鼻烟看的比米面、吃喝还重。他可以一日没有米面,却不可一日没有鼻烟。鼻烟讲究品味,说白了就是一种臭味,鼻烟和北京的臭豆腐有异曲同工之妙,都是在无意中发明,都是原料因时间过长发酵而成,都是鼻闻着臭,品味时香。当然鼻烟要比臭豆腐发明的早,品味又有膻、糊、酸、糗、苦五味。鼻烟既是外国货,只有皇上大臣们可吸得到。营子里吸鼻烟与社会上的贩卒吸的一样,全是国产货。系用烟叶晒干,碾制成面,做成烟坯子,再用茉莉花熏。好鼻烟熏的次数多,烟性柔和,花香味浓,但刺激性小。反之,熏的次数少的,花香味淡,刺激性强。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  岔曲小调中单有《禁鸦片烟》一首在健锐营中传唱。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">潮烟当令,大概通行,外来的鼻烟格外清,时下颇兴在京城(过板)。关东烟叶避邪气,各种的熏烟全(卧牛)全怕干冲(四声),那大烟必然倾家产,萎靡不振容易受穷。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  由于营房过的是兵的生活,注重了吃喝,所以营子里的人都十分健壮,就是到老了也很少闹病。营中人禀承着祖先在关外狩猎的习惯多爱吃粘食,比如:春季有豆面饽饽,夏天的酥皮饽饽,秋时的粘豆饽饽,冬天的冻粘糕饽饽。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">饽饽</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">一词在满洲人中用途广泛,只要是面食做的食品,都要称之为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">饽饽</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,就连煮包饺子,也称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">煮饽饽</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。生活好的时候,营里人爱吃白煮肉。做法很简单,就是将猪肉洗净,切成大块在白水中煮。待熟后,切成薄片,沾酱油、蒜末吃。这种白煮肉原料都比较肥,煮后切成片放在盘中如汉白玉一般,只有胶性的肉皮和瘦肉部分有些淡红的颜色。白肉吃完,切肉片剩下的肉渣可以做肉末烫饭,煮白肉的汤放些盐可以做</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">白水熬白菜</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。即使是在过节的时候,一般老百姓拿出这几件菜,也不寒碜吧?<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  盒子菜多是由山东人开的肉铺、饭馆供应的。营外的饭馆掌柜很能掌握旗丁们的心理,做买卖十分精明。他们特制一种铜盒子,打开盒盖,里面又分成许多小盒,一般为7盒或5盒,5盒的拼成图案,所以又叫梅花盒。掌柜的将六七种菜分别装在大铜盒里,有酱肉、炒菠菜、粉丝、猪头肉、豆芽等,吃时用大饼做皮,每样菜都夹上一点点卷起来,吃时特别香。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  涮羊肉也是营中人爱吃的,不过营中人不叫涮羊肉而称之为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">涮锅子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。20世纪70年代中期,我曾回家吃过一次,仅白醋、酱油、豆腐、韭菜花、糖蒜、冻豆腐等佐料就达29样,比我们今天看到的麻辣火锅、鸳鸯火锅实惠多了。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营里的妇女由于吃穿不愁,所以注意力都放在服侍男人、教育孩子、孝顺老人身上,管家理财是一把好手,营里男人是不管这些杂事的。妇女们做饭是营中老人们传下来的,俗话说:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">千年的媳妇熬成婆</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,她们的做饭、做菜技艺很高,而且十分符合农历的岁时节令。开春时吃豆芽菜卷饼,初夏时是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">糊沓子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,酷热时吃过水凉面,秋天吃猪肉小碗炸酱,面码非有七八种不可。冬天是旗营人最爱讲吃的季节,一是天凉,二是军事训练不紧,三是两节(春节、元旦)前后过,四是朝廷连续发钱,五是婚娶嫁接连不断,即使外面天降大雪,旗营内的饭桌上也是春意融融。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">打春的抻面,夏至的凉面,秋天的炸酱,冬天的打卤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,是旗营中的面食四季的吃法。至于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">打春的春饼,夏天的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">井拔凉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,立秋的肉包,冬天的馄钝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,也是营中人的一种吃法。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营里的前锋正兵、委前锋在营内地位最低,除了吃喝,别的都不想。室内没有什么家具,就连最简单的八仙桌、座椅都没有,吃饭就用炕桌,客人来了,就请客人上炕。因为满洲人都长于盘腿坐,这样能收腹挺胸。不过盘腿坐也是整天练习,舒筋松弛的结果,一般人还真不习惯,小孩们一开始就是将脚伸到炕桌底下去。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营里人不能老过舒坦日子,辛亥革命后,宣统逊位,营子里的人断了俸银、禄米,只好卖力气、当东西、教书或做小买卖。人们能吃上窝头就不错了。民国年间通常吃的是拌三样:将芝麻酱和切碎的韭菜花、辣青椒拌好,加上一点黄酱,更多的是将玉米面和硬一些,切小块,用盆摇匀,做煮球,拌韭菜花吃,连汤带水,充饥肚皮。营里人管这种食品叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">盆里碰</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">窝头是北京特有的食物,是用廉价的玉米面或麸子做的,上面有尖,下面有洞,出锅后状似坟头。而北京的片汤,薄而透亮,浮在汤里,犹如薄纸一般。每当看到这里,旗里老人总是说:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">过去咱吃两指在上,八指在下(指吃水饺时的挤饺子的动作),现在可好,吃一指在里九指在外(指做窝头的动作),吃的是:看着坟头带烧纸。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">坟头指的是窝头,烧纸指的是薄面片。在旧社会,很多的人家连窝头、片汤都吃不上,营里人吃惯了嘴,差一点都觉得委屈,这就是大多数人很难看到的旗营人的内心世界。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-8/20078209413743825.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-8/20078209423246060.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-8/2007820943721083.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-8/20078209434757547.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>

蹦碴碴123 发表于 2007-8-20 09:49:00

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营中男男女女的别样打扮<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 11.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">影视中多见女性旗人穿旗装,脚下蹬花盆底鞋,实际上,营房内女人多不穿花盆底鞋。其原因是旗营中女人打扮讲究“四趁”(即平衡的意思,也作衬)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 11.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">夏天,男人着紫花布裤子。其裤腿细长,下部以窄布条扎腿,配上上身青洋绉汗衫,青白互照,着实时髦。<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><p></p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营里的衣着由于官阶不同,着装也多样。近代的军装,为民国期间政府所发,这是宣统逊位的条件之一,营房里的兵是民国的军队之一。从一张光绪年间健锐营镶蓝旗南营门卫岗冬装时的照片看,旗兵上着棉军装,明扣,腰系宽皮带。下身棉军裤,均为灰色。脚下高腰军靴,手持新式马枪,头顶大檐帽,帽中部有一圈绣带。除了军装外,旗营男人在家中总是穿大褂,冬天穿棉袄,春秋两季穿夹袄,颜色多是灰色,夏季穿着白布裤褂,脚下多穿</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">双脸鞋</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。这种鞋的前面有两皮脸直向鞋尖,旗家习武者多爱穿,这种鞋在营房称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">南琴</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。另外还有两种:一为青缎或青布鞋,鞋脸圆而底尖,皮跟,缎口,脸部有一皮尖,弯曲而上,样子很像鹰嘴。皮作纯绿色,人称</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">鹦哥嘴</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">;二是鞋脸处有绿皮镶嵌,配以云头花样,成一圆盖式,人称</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">乌拉盖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(图:醇亲王在神机营照片。这张拍摄于1863年的照片,醇亲王的时髦军服。)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营中男人的靴子名字叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">螳螂肚</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。这种靴帮、靴底较肥,至上端筒处,前后隆凸,直起成兜肚状,恰似螳螂腹部的样子,所以此样靴子称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">螳螂肚</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。此靴的上皮脸除青色外,也有用绿色的,多为旗营中练习武艺的人穿,走路一步三摇,给人一种痞气之感。其实穿者要的是螳螂肚在靴子上的作用,其意在护脚。如摔跤之际,对方以足踢腿,必先以螳螂肚迎去,则对方踢于虚空之际,腿部不致受伤。由于玩票者喜欢在靴子上加缝各种皮质花样,因此就有许多皮匠聚集在各营门口等待生意。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营中男人的袜子也很讲究。普通的袜子为漂白色布、鱼白色布、紫花色布及青布数种,穿袜以瘦小为佳,须袜脸对鞋脸,不能有斜向。袜脸为彩线所缝,颜色搭配也很严格,如鱼白色袜用青袜脸,紫花色袜用玫瑰紫色袜脸,青色袜用白色袜脸,务必要求配匹漂亮。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  夏天,男人着紫花布裤子。其裤腿细长,下部以窄布条扎腿,配上上身青洋绉汗衫,青白互照,着实时髦。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营房中男人的头辫与明朝不同。明代,世人皆留发,然后用布包住,谓之</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">拢发包巾</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,如同道士发式一样。到了清朝,发式大变,将发辫散落,四周剃去,仅留存辫顶之一部分,名字极好听,叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">剃四外,留中原</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,是爱国的象征。至于发辫的编法,有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">三股柳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">三编六花</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">之分。此外尚有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">松辫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">紧辫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">两种。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">松辫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">多为文人,如笔帖式、教谕等。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">松辫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的形式是在发际之首先不扎,须留出一部分再开始扎第一个发花。通常第一个发花始于脖子之处,以此排列而下,至适中的部分为齐,再以下部分称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">辫梢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。当然也有头发短的,这也有办法,在编发时,加续假头发,顺序而往下编,营人称之为编帘子。编发是一门手艺,续辫绝不能露出半点痕迹,尽可乱真。除文人的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">松辫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">之外,营中的大部分男人,多喜外观雄壮,威风八面的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">紧辫子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">紧辫子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">产生于少数无事之徒对发辫标新立异,作出的种种滑稽不伦不类的怪模样。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">紧辫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">一出现,营房中的男子摹仿者不断,其样自发顶以下便开始紧挽辫花。越往上,越紧才最为美观,其中部辫花紧无间隙,下部辫紧小之极,发辫编成后,或直或曲,毫不自然,但旗营中尚武者崇之为美。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营中小孩留发仅一种,即在辫顶的四围另留短发,长约寸许,形同一蓬凉伞,不倚不倒,直生头边,与后面紧辫紧紧连在一起,这种样式叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">孩儿发</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(图:旗营小女孩)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  常常有人把男人梳辫子和女人裹小脚作为落后中国的象征,其实男</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">梳辫子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">并不是从满洲开始的,北方许多民族在打猎,打仗时将头发编成辫子往脖子上一围。决无头发散乱的现象,在策马驰骋和搭弓射箭时,也不防碍做各种射出的动作。冷时,辫围脖颈,还可挡寒。相对比起</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">拢发包巾</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的传统发式,辫子还是进步的多。至于缠小脚,这是汉民族多年来的陋习,而清政府与之相反,不许缠足,所以,满族女人都是天足,被世人称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">大脚片</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,事实证明,满族所实行的女子裹足禁止之法是正确的。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  清末有一首放足歌,揭露裹足之弊端。可见满洲并不是盲目的吸取汉人文化和习俗。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">照得女子缠脚,最为中华恶俗;幼女甫离提携,即与紧紧缚束;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  身体因之赢弱,筋骨竟至断缩;血气既未充盈,疾病随之暗伏;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  轻者时呼痛苦,重者直成废笃;举动极为不便,行走尤形踯躅;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  懿旨屡经诫谕,士民尚不觉悟;人孰不爱儿女?微疾亦甚忧郁;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  惟当缠足之时,任其日夜号哭;对面置若罔闻,女亦甘受其酷;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  为之推原其故,不过扭于世俗;意谓非此不美,且将为人怨渎;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  不知德言容工,女诚所最称述;娶妻惟求淑女,岂可视同玩物;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  父母于女何人,男子于妻何苦;皆是愿其贤孝,岂忍摧伤肉骨;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  美恶况由天赋,何必如此斫吾;现当振兴实业,男女事各有属;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  各省业已风行,纷纷会谈天足;省垣识时绅首,意思迫本还朴;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  联名禀请示禁,堪为女子造福;应准通行晓谕,从此亨衢同步;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  岂惟感召天和,富强于焉拭目;务各互相劝解,切勿再事拘囿。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  因为缠足矫揉造作,违反生理科学,所以遭到众多社会进步人士的反对。清光绪二十四年,上海成立</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">天足会</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,劝导妇女不要缠足。其实,在我国不少民族的妇女都是天足,如蒙古族、藏族、维族、回族、朝鲜族、苗族等,也就是说妇女裹足主要是体现在汉族妇女上。脚小如笋,行动不便,这种陋习始于宫廷选美,更盛于世间的男人大丈夫的封建思想。正是:<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  三寸弓鞋自古无,观音大士亦双趺,<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  陋习裹足从何起,源自世间贱丈夫。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营房中的妇女以天足自豪,自然会对其脚下的鞋袜装饰一番。旗营中的女人手工极巧,所缝制的袜子多用青、白、竹布、月白四色,出门时以白色袜为上选,平时则随其喜好而穿用。以其手工之精巧,大小之合适,样式之美观,营外人家不能相比。旗营女人的袜子穿时讲究</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">抱脚面</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,不肥不瘦,恰到好处,与鞋大小合适。即使是袜底,他人看不见的地方也</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">扎花</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">或</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">万字不到头</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。袜口之处则有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">荷叶边</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">锁狗牙</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">扎袜花</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">等数种,其花样色彩鲜明,营房里的女孩子多喜欢穿用。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  影视中多见女性旗人穿旗装,脚下蹬花盆底鞋,实际上,营房内女人多不穿花盆底鞋。其原因是旗营中女人打扮讲究</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">四趁</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(即平衡的意思,也作衬)。如果穿花盆底鞋而不梳两把头,则不成体统,让人家笑话。旗营中的女人多梳大辫子,所以不穿花盘底鞋,况且穿花盆底鞋要有相当的工夫和较为平整的路面。初穿时,两脚容易踏空,偶不注意,失去平衡。故营中的女孩子于家邻之间练习之时方穿用,日久成熟,留备出阁时方有用场。平日在旗营内多穿薄底缎鞋,鞋面多为青色,鞋帮处扎蝴蝶或花草,配以白袜,既美观又实用。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗袍为满洲人首创。旗袍高领,身长,由肥变瘦,紧腰身,两侧开叉穿在身是潇洒,抱身,轻便好看。满洲妇女身穿旗袍,头顶旗头(大拉翅),脚踏花盆底鞋,显得典雅庄重,落落大方,投足手摆,婀娜多姿。如旗袍要求:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">领有高低软硬,掐腰尺寸有度,针黹密齐清晰,成治平整如板。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营妇女在着旗装时还附有几件佩饰,否则,营中人称之</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">没有礼教</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">不正规</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。一是手绢。手绢为营中妇女出门必携之物。旗营妇女之手绢,特别讲究,尤以</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">花绢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">为上品,有花草、水鸟、动物,都锁狗牙,而</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">素绢</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">则多为营中老年妇女用之。二是烟袋荷包。旗营里的旗下、妇女多吸烟,这是从关外带来的旧习。旗营妇女出门配带烟荷包的颜色以青缎、蓝缎居多,缀以</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">三蓝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">穗子,烟袋杆儿尤长。我见过的达3尺,烟袋嘴为绿色翡翠,堪称营中烟袋珍品。三是挂镜。为一小长方镜子,随时取镜自照,营中有谚语:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">照照嘴唇红不红,照照头发乱不乱,照照粉脸匀不匀……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,多挂在大襟的蒜头疙瘩上,极有趣味。四是对子荷包。内装槟榔,以图香气。五是三饰儿:即三种饰物,有剔牙针、挖耳勺、小镊子,多为银制,携带于身,以求用时方便。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营中的衣着打扮还有:马甲、旗儿装、大坎肩、跟头褡裢(银袋)、扇络、表绢、搬指、鼻烟壶等。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p>

蹦碴碴123 发表于 2007-8-20 09:50:00

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营家中没出阁的姑娘通称“姑奶奶”<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 11.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营中的男人不许纳妾。旗营中的女子,在称呼、习俗、地位等方面都有她们的特殊地方,是清朝时地位最高的一个女性群体。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  古代满洲家家户户都供奉佛拉格托,这是满洲人心中的女神。入关以后,满洲人吸取了大量的中原文化,出现了佛、道、儒及民间众教皆奉的现象,妇女三从四德的约束对满洲妇女也有影响。然由于多年来的本民族固有传统,满洲人,尤其是旗营中的妇女,依然在家庭中起着主导的作用,而不似《北京名胜古迹》一书说的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">清代一般妇女是不许读书的,连读小学的权利也没有,只能在家料理家务</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的那样。殊不知,相貌、文化、家系是选宫女的主要条件。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营中的女子,在称呼、习俗、地位等方面都有她们的特殊地方。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  在旗人的称呼上,旗营家中没出门的姑娘通称</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">姑奶奶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,家中的侄子管姑姑通称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">姑爸爸</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,管父亲的最小妹妹为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">老爸</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。在这里</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">老</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">是最小的意思,如管最小的孩子叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">老疙瘩</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">、垫窝,管新嫂子称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">姐姐</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">或</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">新姐</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  在旗营中的习俗上,关于妇女的有如下一些独特的内容:(1)家谱中可列女儿乳名,结婚出嫁者须注明男方地点、旗籍、门第、姓名。(2)允许营内知己的妇女、女孩结为异姓姐妹,也就是汉人讲的结拜兄弟。所结姐妹结拜后,多以大爷、二爷、三爷、四爷……相称。(3)营中允许女孩子穿满洲男装并可练习骑射。(4)旗营学房中的学长一律由女孩子担任,官称</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">大师姐</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。即使有的男孩子岁数大一些,也得称呼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">大师姐</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。当然,在练武、摔跤时,其学长便是由男性担任,通称</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">大师哥</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。(5)正月初六,必须接已婚的姑奶奶回娘家省亲,骨肉团圆。旧营中有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">七七乞巧节</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,相传晚上是天上牛郎织女相会在鹊桥上,营中妇女、女孩子要在这天晚上准备清水、彩纸、绣花针等女工饰物,以求织女赐于聪明和智慧。(6)中秋节时,旗营内在官厅摆设香案,为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">月光娘娘</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">焚香叩拜,乞求神佑,这是旗营女人的专利,男人不得拜月。(7)旗营女子必须天足,不得缠脚。(8)满族人留大辫子认为辫子是父母的骨血,辫子愈长,发色愈乌黑,父母身体就愈好,愈健壮。辫子之所以盘上头顶,是孝顺母亲的表现,将母亲放在最高的位置。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(图:旗营</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">满族结婚时的合影</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  对于旗营中的妇女,有特定的优抚措施。有特殊的物质待遇,这一点是其他民族所不能享受到的。(1)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">红事银子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">:旗营中的人家由于满汉不通婚条框的制约,所以多在本旗、本营或其他军种的旗营人之间通婚,故有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营里的人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">非亲即友</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">一说。鉴于此,旗营内婚嫁的礼俗和隆重程度都十分显耀。为此,旗营内的档子房就会上报,同时分发给男女两方</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">红事银子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">以示祝贺。(2)禄米。旗营中未嫁女子均有禄米,每季发一次,但女子不当兵,故无俸银。(3)白事银子和寡妇钱粮:旗兵死后,取消其钱粮并再挑缺时,旗营内先发其妻白事银子,此钱不得代领,个别人家自有领佣将钱亲自或差人送至家中。如其妇</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">守节</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,则再发应得钱粮,每月须其妻亲自领取。(4)孤女钱粮:旗兵死后,若仅遗存生女一人,无兄无弟,或兄弟尚小钱粮照发给这女子。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营中的男人不纳妾。旗营里的男人是世袭八旗兵制度,只知道效忠朝廷,效忠国家,对家庭里的事什么都不管,家庭都是由妇女主事。时间一长,男人在家里就成了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">吃凉不管酸</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">甩手掌柜子</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,媳妇称夫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">油瓶倒了也不扶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。所以,旗营里面妇女不受歧视,而且说话很有分量。清末每当男人在谈论谁家媳妇干活不利落,办事没主意,女人比男人笨的时候,准保有一些女人站出来说:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">女人怎么了,西太后、老佛爷也是女的,不是照样管理大清朝,不是照样管你们这些戴把的?</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  满洲人认为顺治入关时,才6岁,如果没有母亲,没有太后,大清国岂能顺顺当当地建立?而且八旗女子中有被选入宫内,成为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">秀女</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,最后走</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">选妃</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">立后</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的道路,从而改变家庭、家族在旗营中的地位的例子。清末慈禧太后的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">垂帘听政</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">是女人干预了国政,接连听政了同治、光绪两朝。女人能管得了国家,怎么就管不了咱们家,满洲人这种观念是造成旗营内妇女地位偏高的主要因素。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营家的女性受家教极严。对姑娘家教更严,让她们自幼养成懂礼貌、知法度、忠厚老实、办事为人不走样,虽然不能同男人从军打仗,但也不能失了规矩。由于旗家姑娘从小理财勤俭持家,所以深受父母及兄弟的尊重。即使姑娘出阁了,作为新媳妇、新姐姐,也会恪守</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">妇道</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,遇事不卑不亢,在婆家以自己的一言一行来维护娘家的尊严,自己绝不参与分家产。但由于公正、威信高,所以有时还会让族中最高长辈特请出来做婆家弟兄分家的仲裁人呢。正因如此,出阁的姑娘一回娘家,娘家人便会高呼</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">姑奶奶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">回来了,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">姑奶奶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">在家有绝对权威。在娘家说话算话,可以拍板定调,比叔叔、伯父说话都管用,娘家大小事都要先征求姑奶奶的意见方可去办。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  妇女在旗营中的地位与娘家也有很大关系,这一点与其他民族不同。满族小儿一出生就全都是姥姥家的事,而且是白尽义务。姥姥家的舅舅、姨在外孙、外甥身上下的心血要胜过自己本姓的孙子、侄儿(女)。满族孩子满月时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">挪骚窝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,就是娘家接姑娘带孩子回去住上一个月。当然,满族人也心疼女婿,满族人女婿叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">姑爷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。俗话说:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">丈母娘疼姑爷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">为的是女儿</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  健锐营镶白旗营子外出了最有名的京味文学家</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">曹雪芹。在曹雪芹的笔下,出现了象王熙凤、贾探春那样的女性主持着贾府内政,如果曹雪芹没有亲身经历过旗人生活,怎能逼真的写出王熙凤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">开源节流</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">置祭产</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">两个振兴贾氏家族的措施呢?<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">在贾探春、薛宝钗、李纨三人暂时代理家政的时候,他们就做出了所谓</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">‘</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">共利除弊</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">’</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">的举动。她们除了决定裁减一些额定的花销,如取消贾环等上学的零用钱,小姐们的头油脂粉钱。此外,更重要的是决定经营大观园,做到生产图利。他们把园里养花、种竹、植稻、培植果木等项分别交给指定的仆妇去经营管理,由这些仆妇供给贾府一定数量的花、果,供给园里鸟兽食用的一定数量的粮食。多余的产物则由他们拿到市场上去出卖,卖得的钱,除一小部分分给在园里供役使的仆人以外,大部份归经营的人所有。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">《红楼梦》一书文笔如此详细,可见身居香山脚下健锐营正白旗的曹雪芹是有类似这样生活的。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。<p></p></span></p>

蹦碴碴123 发表于 2007-8-20 09:54:00

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营女孩子的盛大日子——选秀女<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">秀女必须从旗营中的官员的女儿中选出,一般旗丁的女儿即使貌美端庄也得不到这种机遇。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">秀女进宫,可谓前途无量,品级之高,涉及之广,多为外人不知。能够改变自己的命运,提高家族的地位。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">&nbsp;<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 11.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 11.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">旗营里有一个极为热闹的日子,那就是为宫廷选送宫女。宫女的选择是相当严格的,但即使是在清代各朝中也不相同。清入关之初,八旗人口较少,顺治朝规定,凡满、蒙、汉八旗官员的女儿,年至13岁时,都要参加每三年一届的挑选秀女,到17岁以后谓之</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">逾岁</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">。嘉庆十八年(1813)规定:八旗满洲、蒙古应行挑选女子人数渐多,下届挑选时,除八旗满洲、蒙古女子,自护军领催以上女子仍照旧备选外,其他拜唐阿、马甲以下女子不必备选。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  健锐营中的老年人讲,每次选中的秀女仅十余人。因为秀女必须从旗营中的官员的女儿中选出,一般旗丁的女儿即使貌美端庄也得不到这种机遇。在整个万余人的健锐营里,够得选上宫女条件的仅有翼长、佐领、前锋校、蓝翎长等职务以上的百余户。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(图:秀女名单)<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  营中选秀女第一步先由营内蓝翎长将翼长、正副委署翼长、参领家的姑娘姓名、身高、特长一一登记造册。册上所列之名,逾岁之前不许私嫁于他人,违者上至都统、副都统、参领,下至族长及本人父母都要受一定处罚。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  在报名登记秀女时,如果确实是残疾不堪入选者,需要由蓝翎长、前锋校、参领等层层具结,呈报到各旗都统,声明原因,由都统咨行户部方可免选。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  健锐营内三年一次的秀女进宫集结地点,在正黄旗北小营西侧大街八旗学堂内。适时,朝廷派来接秀女的骡车堵满小营的大道上。朝廷规定:引看八旗、内务府女子,在大臣官员家中尚有车辆,兵丁、女子俱雇车乘,嗣后引看女子。无论大小官员、兵丁女子,每人赏银一两,以为雇车之需。在八旗学堂外,很多旗营中的人站在路边看这车马飞扬的场面,更有旗丁家属看着人家姑娘有此飞黄腾达的机会羡慕不已。选送的秀女骡车,每人一辆,浩浩荡荡,途经各旗营、村庄,都会引起轰动。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">被选看的秀女在故宫北面的神武门下车,按次序由宫中老公(太监)领入,在门内的一块大空地集齐,再按事先排好的名单顺序,进入宫内的顺贞门,让帝后们选看。各朝选看地点不定,静怡轩、延晖阁、体元殿是同治、光绪两朝选看宫女的地方。选时,每日两旗,不分旗别,只依据各旗参选多少。初定六人一排,最后精选时减到两人一排,甚至只有一位秀女。 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">(图:“等待被选的清末内务府三旗女子”)<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">秀女进宫,可谓前途无量,品级之高,涉及之广,多为外人不知。其中:乾清宫设夫人一位,秩职一品。淑仪一位,秩二品。婉侍六位,秩三品。柔婉二十位、芳婉三十位,均为秩四品。尚官局隶下尚宫、司纪、司宫、司簿各二人,可闱四人、女史六人。尚服局隶下尚服一人,司仗四人、司宾、司衣、司饰、女史各二人。司仪局隶下尚仪一人,司乐二人、司籍、司宾、司赞、各四人,女史三人。尚食局隶下尚食一人,司馔四人,司宾、司酝、司药、司供、女史各二人。尚寝局尚寝一人,司设、司灯各四人,司舆、司苑、女史各二人。尚绩局隶下尚绩一人,司制四人,司珍、司彩、司计、女史各二人。宫正司隶下宫正、女史各二人。以上女官名额等级俱为秩六品。而慈宁宫贞容一人,秩二品;慎容二人,秩三品。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  秀女一经选入宫中,便在宫内服侍十多年,至25岁,方可出宫。秀女出宫时,有三大</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">喜事</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,一为该宫女即可见到自己生身父母。二是宫女们多嫁给内务府择配的皇帝的近支宗室。三是陪嫁银两甚多。即使是回旗营内自选郎君的宫女,内务府也会照数陪送嫁妆,否则一经查出,将从重从严惩办。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  25岁的大姑娘,坐着大骡车,穿着宫廷盛装回营也是一件大事。好事的媒人借此机会保媒拉纤,但多不成功。健锐营的秀女出宫后,倚仗自己在宫中十多年的见识而自傲,择嫁条件极为严格,甚至出圈。追求门当户对和攀高枝是共有的特性。她们多嫁到外火器营、圆明园护军营的高官家中。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  旗营里的人在选秀女上不像今日电影、电视剧中描述的那样不愿入宫,哭哭啼啼。反之,旗营里的人家都希望自己家的姑娘被选入宫内,甚至能得到皇帝和皇太后的宠爱,生上一男半女。因为只有这样,自己的家庭才能改变在旗营中的地位。自己做了皇妃,整个家族都会显赫。秀女出身的慈禧太后便是最好的一例。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">  秀女与老公(太监)虽然同为侍奉宫廷,但二者截然不同,有着本质的区别。秀女入宫只要满、蒙、汉八旗官吏之女,而太监则要汉人中的精悍小男孩。秀女入宫前必须是全身(处女),而太监入宫前要到小刀档子处,统一净身,强迫接受有辱人类尊严的阉割,并开出证明。待阉割完后,被阉人还要向包办太监事务交纳阉割费。宫女出宫门,广受欢迎和尊重,是个有头有脸的人物。太监出宫时已年老力衰不男不女的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">老公</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">,他们在社会上受到岐视,家里人也认为本家出个</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">老公</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">是个家丑,不肯收留他们,即便是死了,也不准葬入祖坟,所以太监多在庙观中栖身,苦度残年。由此可见,旗营中的秀女与汉人中出的太监在宫中、宫外、入宫前、出宫后有着天壤之别。<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<font face="宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;转摘:学苑出版社出版《北京西山健锐营》一书 2007.3.//67601101</font><br/><br/><p></p></font></span></p>

西山闲客 发表于 2007-8-21 21:10:00

<p>怎么买不到这本书?楼主有电子版的么?</p>

蹦碴碴123 发表于 2007-8-22 00:00:00

打电话邮递来,67601101

八角鼓 发表于 2007-9-12 10:10:00

看过这本书

精奇尼哈番 发表于 2008-2-14 21:33:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>西山闲客</i>在2007-8-21 21:10:43的发言:</b><br/><p>怎么买不到这本书?楼主有电子版的么?</p></div><p>在中关村图书大厦还有两本(我买了一本),卖38可以打折。叫&lt;西山健锐营》</p>
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