[转帖]清宫中的烟客：康熙当上皇帝后戒了烟
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt;">清宫中的烟客：康熙当上皇帝后戒了烟<div></div><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><div></div><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">烟草起源于南美，明末清初由海上传入中国，名淡巴菰，乃西文</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Tobacco</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的音译。对这一外来事物，清廷一开始是坚决严禁的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清入关前，吃烟是个奢侈的事。据薛福成后来记述，当初塞上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以马一匹，易烟叶一斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">为此清太宗在崇德四年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1639</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）曾下颁禁烟令。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清入关后，前几位皇帝还在努力恪守祖训，严格吸烟禁例。顺治是不吸烟的。康熙则是当上皇帝后戒了烟。康熙在《庭训格言》中说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“……</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然朕非不会吃烟，幼时在养母家，颇善于吃烟，今禁人而己用之，将何以服人，因而永不用也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">康熙南巡时，发现大臣史贻直和陈之龙嗜烟如命，遂决定拿这两人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">开刀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。康熙专驾驻临山东德州时，宴会上特赐这二臣水晶烟管各一支。两人大喜过望，马上装烟点火吸用，岂料刚用力一吸，火焰即随管上升，发出一声爆裂，吓得连忙放下不敢再吸。康熙遂藉此传旨天下禁止吸烟。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">雍正时，宫禁开始松弛。雍正十三年（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1735</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">），大臣张文斌曾上奏报告：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">今看得，乾清门大臣、侍卫及内太监等，俱于各自地方吸烟者极多，并无忌惮，公开吸之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">前虽有吸烟者，尚隐蔽而吸，今亦不顾刮风之日，俱随意如此吸烟。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">至于乾隆本人曾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">嗜此尤酷，至于寝馈不离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。后来因此患上肺病，才下决心戒掉。乾隆元年，方苞奏请禁种，未被批准。之后还有大臣几次奏请禁烟，乾隆皇帝均不置可否。乾隆时期，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">北京达官嗜淡巴菰者十而八九</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。乾隆年间的纪晓岚，据说烟瘾很厉害，常常清早从城里坐轿到圆明园见皇帝，为了解决路上吸烟的问题，特制硕大烟锅，装一锅就可以从城里吸至城外。对于宫中禁烟之令，纪晓岚并不以为然。《南亭笔记》记载：一次纪正在翰林院中吞云吐雾，忽报皇上驾到，仓皇藏避不及，便将烟袋藏到靴中，时间长了靴子着火冒烟，伤及肌肤，只好如实禀报皇上。乾隆大笑，竟赐他烟斗一枚，准其今后在馆吸烟。纪氏诙谐，遇人常自称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">钦赐翰林院吃烟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">清宫中的烟客不仅为男性，后宫女眷中也比比皆是。最著名的当属慈禧太后。《宫女谈往录》记载，慈禧吸水烟很讲究，火石、蒲绒、火镰、火纸、烟丝、烟袋，一个都能不少。慈禧太后吸烟，都有小太监把仙鹤腿水烟袋捧在手里，随时装烟，吹点火的纸媒儿，还要掌握好点烟的时间。水烟袋发出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">咕噜噜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">咕噜噜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的声响，犹如鸟啼凤鸣，听起来倒也十分悦耳。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（据《中华遗产》胡忠良</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p> 一说这个我想起来我家原来有数根大烟袋来了!后来不知怎么就没了?可能让我奶奶给扔了! 《宫女谈往录》在满族网里看过，还没看完 我对他是不是麻子脸更感兴趣
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