胡同童年 发表于 2007-6-7 11:43:00

[转帖]剽悍少谋英亲王:北京八王坟的历史与现实

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体;">剽悍少谋英亲王:北京八王坟的历史与现实<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在北京城东朝阳区的建国路和西大望路相交处,就是人们常说的八王坟地区。在地铁和汽车站上印着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">三个大字的站牌,又让八王坟成了很多人熟知的京东交通要道。上世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代改革开放后,八王坟建成了一座现代化的立交桥(大望桥),于是,八王坟又成了一个连接四面八方道路的重要交通枢纽。随着九十年代北京</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">CBD</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">中央商务区规划的确定和房地产业的日益兴盛,八王坟地区更成为令房地产界垂青的黄金地段,而原来历史上曾经真正存在过的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,却因为早已不存在几乎被人们遗忘了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">历史文化背景</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">剽悍少谋</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的英亲王</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">阿济格与八王坟</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">据有关资料记载,八王坟就是当年清太祖努尔哈赤的第十二子英亲王阿济格的墓地,也是北京比较有名的一处清代王爷坟。老居民也回忆说,从祖辈上流传下来就知道这里是英亲王阿济格的坟地。既然英亲王阿济格在努尔哈赤的众多皇子中排位第十二,为什么会对他死后的墓地称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">呢?这是因为阿济格在清朝初期开国诸王的排序中列为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,所以对于他去世后所葬的墓地,民间老百姓一直俗称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,并作为地名称谓一直延续几百年至今。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">英亲王阿济格生于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1605</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年,于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1651</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年被顺治帝赐死。他与当朝摄政王多尔衮、豫亲王多铎为同母胞兄,并能征善战,是清朝初期有名的将领。曾随皇太极攻入长城,占领了遵化等河北重地,并率大军直逼北京城。纵掠京畿地区,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">56</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">战皆捷。顺治元年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1644</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年),阿济格又从摄政王多尔衮在山海关之战中大败李自成大顺军。随后率平西王吴三桂、智顺王尚可喜等满、蒙、汉大军三万余人,自山西入陕,追击李自成大顺军至湖广,于次年俘杀李自成手下大将刘宗敏、军师宋献策,并招降大明军将领、兵马</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">万,占领</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">63</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">城。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">英亲王阿济格后来也曾因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">出师贻误战机、谎报军情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">之罪被降为郡王,但又复亲王爵。从授贝勒,到晋多罗武英郡王、封和硕英亲王、授命为靖远大将军,阿济格可谓杀敌英勇、战绩显赫,为大清朝初期平定江山立下了汗马功劳。但他却是一个缺少智慧,性格粗暴的人。在摄政王多尔衮病重时,阿济格因参与密谋欲承袭摄政王位之事泄露而遭到了幽禁。阿济格的家人和手下都受到牵连获罪,不少人被处死、抄家或是鞭责、革职,并由此兴起一场大狱之灾。阿济格最后被顺治皇帝赐死。这也是阿济格头脑简单,性格暴虐,待人狂妄所致,故后人评价英亲王阿济格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">剽悍少谋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">由于阿济格后人在民国时期就开始拆除、变卖八王坟的地面建筑,还有上个世纪四十年代酿酒厂的开发,估计从那以后,人们就再也没有见到八王坟的踪迹。致使五十年代就在这里居住的老居民们也无缘一睹八王坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">真容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。这也可能就是八王坟至今</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">片瓦未存</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的原因。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">从小在北京胡同里长大的我,最喜欢做的事就是在胡同里转悠,而写从胡同里</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">转悠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">出的文章是我最快乐的,我会继续写下去,把与老北京有关的故事告诉大家,让更多的人能了解北京,热爱北京。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">这是一个匆忙的时代,每个人都在主动或被动地与时间赛跑,而我们想要找的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">悠客</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">是能以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">悠闲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的心情,没事爱在城市里</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">转悠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的人,东瞧瞧西问问,帮我们匆忙的读者在这个城市里发现与地理有关的故事,别</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">白瞎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">了您那些传奇的老故事,本版诚恳地邀请您出场,为读者讲一段最精彩的,有叫好声等着您哪!也欢迎读者提供各种与北京地理有关的人和事及线索。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟立交桥西侧:八王坟原址已片瓦未存</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟立交桥的西侧,就是当年英亲王阿济格的墓地旧址。按有关资料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟旧址在上个世纪四十年代建北京酿造总厂时平覆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的记载,可以看出八王坟的旧址为原北京红星二锅头酒厂,也就是现在有名的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">现代城</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。但也有书记载,八王坟的地域</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">又往西扩到了郎家园和北京仪器厂。虽然和前者有些出入,但我们仍可以大致断定八王坟当年的位置为:东起现在的大望路西侧,西到郎家园,南边到醉公坟紧邻通惠河,北边大约到现在的建国路北侧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟至今已是片瓦未存,个中原因还要从阿济格葬入坟墓以后说起。当年阿济格虽然最后被赐而亡,但顺治帝仍按亲王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">级别</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在京城东郊赐予墓地一处。虽没有当年英亲王和靖远大将军那样威风八面,但其墓地规模还比较大,占地约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">150</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">亩。阿济格死后骨殖火化后,仅骨灰罐存入地穴。一直到康熙皇帝登基后,他的一些后人才被恢复宗籍,并分别敕建立碑两座。后在乾隆十一年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1746</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年),八王坟又得到了初具规模的重修。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">据记载,重修后的八王坟,有了宫门、享殿、宝顶和墙圈。除阿济格墓的砖宝顶外,还有几座有宝顶的坟墓和几座大土坟,并立有当年康熙皇帝命敕建的两方驮龙碑。坟地外垒有一道大墙,南边开有大门和两个角门。再加上坟院内粗壮的松树和枣树、杏树,以及照应坟地和租种地的住户,无一不体现出王爷墓地的规模。只是可惜他的后辈人无能,不但没能好好保护先祖坟地,反而多次连拆带卖坟墓地面建筑,致使一代皇家王爷墓地尽显残容。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在民国初期,阿济格的后人就已将王爷坟的宫门、享殿拆除,卖了砖瓦木料。后来又把大小树木放倒换了钱花。因为墓内有殉葬品,八王坟也是多次被盗。据五十年代在八王坟生活长大的段先生说,自小就听在这里生活的老一辈人讲,早在民国初期,大约就是在孙殿英盗窃东陵慈禧太后陵墓的前后脚,一拨儿军队就开拔进了八王坟,并很快将八王坟的地下墓穴洗劫一空。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟地区的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">开发</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">最早始于上个世纪四十年代。据红星二锅头酒厂老职工和老居民回忆,四十年代这一地区最早是日本人的伤兵医院,后来建了一个酿酒作坊,再后来建成了北京酿酒总厂。据《北京档案史料》所载:日寇于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1939</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年起,就开始</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">……</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在东郊筹建工业区的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">东街市</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”……</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">因此,当年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">平覆八王坟地面,建北京酿造总厂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,早已在日本侵略者的策划之中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在红星二锅头酒厂的西侧最早为财经部的印刷厂,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">文革</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">时期改为北京第二印刷厂,老百姓习惯称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">二印</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,厂子南边为厂宿舍楼。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟立交桥西北角:厂区和家属宿舍已变成了高档大厦和公寓</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">现在,北京第二印刷厂除在临街处盖了一座百事和大厦外,原厂区基本未变。其西侧的原北京电镀厂已迁走,现为华平国际大厦。紧邻百事和大厦的南侧,就是红星大厦。这是在潘石屹的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">现代城</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">拔起之后,北京红星二锅头酒厂保留下来的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一席之地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。看见那熟悉的红星标志,不由得让人想起了北京人十分熟悉的红星二锅头酒,似乎又闻到了醇香的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">二锅头</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">按段先生和老居民回忆,自五十年代在原酿酒总厂旧址成立了北京红星二锅头酒厂后,随之在建国路北侧盖起了家属宿舍,并逐渐形成了现在的光辉里小区。后来在光辉里小区西侧建了北京东郊葡萄酒厂(几年前已迁到顺义),葡萄酒厂西边最早是度量衡厂,后改为北京仪器厂。现在原葡萄酒厂旧址已建成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">金地国际花园</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,北京仪器厂的厂区和家属宿舍已变成了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">万达广场</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。而光辉里小区的北边则依次盖起了蓝堡公寓、温特莱酒店、阳光</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">等高档大厦和公寓。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟立交桥西南角:庆丰闸曾是历史上有名的文化游览区</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在八王坟西南角紧邻的通惠河畔,就是当年京城有名的通惠河庆丰闸,民间老百姓俗称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">二闸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。当年曾经风光一时的二道闸板等水利建筑如今已是踪迹皆无。北京市通惠河工程指挥部</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1995</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">月在庆丰闸遗址河畔建一道墙壁,上面筑有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">庆丰闸遗址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">几个大字和描述当年二道闸风光的文字记载和绘画,还修筑了一座纪念庆丰闸遗址的石碑,让前往的人们不由多了许多对当年无限风光的庆丰闸的追思。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">通惠河当年为元代郭守敬设计开凿的漕运水利工程,并由元世祖忽必烈亲赐名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">通惠河</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。由于通惠河是当时京城漕运的重要通道,所以经济的繁荣也带来了文化的发达。从南方来的货船,一路风帆一路歌驶入大都城内。由大通闸到二闸庆丰闸,河面碧水涟漪,河里鱼虾畅游,水禽起落,时有轻舟泛过。岸边绿柳成阴,酒肆座座,清风习习,垂枝戏水,故垂钓观光者终日不断,文人墨客也常在此饮酒作赋。明代时在二道闸附近又修建了一座三忠祠,上供烧香者更是络绎不绝。如此一派人文佳境,也惹得有人将此处误作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">秦淮人家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。可见称当时有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">朝外一景</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">之名的庆丰闸为历史上有名的文化游览区的确名实相符。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">随着漕运工程的衰退,庆丰闸虽然早已风光不再,但老居民回忆说,一直到上个世纪的六十年代,庆丰闸一带通惠河水依然清澈。虽没有摇橹的轻舟和酒肆中对酒当歌的文人墨客,却也可以经常在河面看到带着鱼鹰摇船的打鱼人。那时通惠河南岸还是一片地势与河面一样低的芦苇塘。孩子们放学后经常在这里嬉戏,还可以逮到小鱼虾。虽没有什么</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">文化底蕴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,但仍不失为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">绿色风光</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">到了七十年代末,南岸大片的芦苇塘、湿地已基本消失,并逐渐将低洼的地面垫高,后来又建成了东郊批发市场。庆丰闸这一带河水也遭到了严重污染,一度成了臭气熏天的黑水河。庆幸的是,近几年北京市对通惠河大力度的治理,已经使二道闸这一带的环境得到了很大的改观。前一阵我看到整治后的通惠河庆丰闸一带,已是河水绿波粼粼,两岸柳树成行,河畔不乏垂钓者,几只小野鸭河中嬉游,顿时倍感悦目,似见当年河中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">水禽起落</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">之景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在庆丰闸南岸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">皇城老妈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">酒家门前,现在还存有一棵老槐树。按树前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">文槐铭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">记载,相传这棵树已有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">300</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">多年历史。约在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1748</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年前后,文学巨匠曹雪芹曾多次往来北京香山和通州,途经庆丰闸在此槐树下候船闲坐或与友人茗茶赋诗,曾写下许多不朽的诗篇,故后人称此槐为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">文槐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">近年因为修路,两年前二闸村已经全部拆迁,现在只剩下南岸庆丰闸村了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟立交桥东南侧:原来曾有二贝子坟与和硕和嘉公主坟</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在八王坟立交桥东南侧,也就是八王坟原址东边、通惠河的北岸紧邻熏皮厂村,就是始建于康熙十一年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1672</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年)的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">二贝子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">坟,是当年清朝睿亲王府的皇家坟地,占地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">多亩。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">虽是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">亲王府</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">却称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">贝子坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,其间确有一些</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">缘由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。顺治七年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1650</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年),摄政王多尔衮薨逝。因无子嗣,以豫亲王多铎五子多尔博为嗣子,并袭亲王爵位。后受多尔衮罪牵连,多尔博被废爵位。顺治十四年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1663</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年)再封贝勒。多尔博二子苏尔发生前袭贝子爵位。虽然受多尔衮罪牵连,但多尔博、苏尔发父子死后都被葬在熏皮厂村南侧的睿亲王府坟地,并分别建宝顶一座。一直到乾隆四十三年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1778</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年),多尔博后人才恢复睿亲王继嗣,苏尔发被追封为睿亲王。睿亲王府坟地也在这一时期得到了修建。不仅建了驮龙碑、神桥、宫门、碑殿、红墙等建筑,还在院内外补栽了很多松柏树,坟地东侧也盖起了阳宅两进院子。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">虽然苏尔发贝子在葬入坟墓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">多年后被追封为睿亲王,但因他生前爵位一直是贝子,所以老百姓始终没有改变对他当初的称呼,故以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">二贝子坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">称之。二贝子坟虽然经历了睿亲王府后人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">贩卖树木、砖瓦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">起灵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">劫难</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,但据附近居民回忆,一直到上个世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代,这一片都有古坟墓的遗迹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">据段先生和一些老居民回忆说,无论是当时高大的牌坊,还是做工精细、栩栩如生的石人石马等地面建筑,都可以让人想见出,这片当年皇家墓地的不同一般。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">段先生则述说得更为详细:听老人讲,这一片墓地也是早年就遭到了盗墓贼的洗劫。现在还清楚地记得,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代时还有两座墓穴,并很清楚地留有被盗挖的痕迹。地面的牌坊,石人石马,还有两座石碑都保存得十分完好。小时候父亲还曾把我抱到石人石马上玩。我和一些小伙伴也经常跑进被挖开的地下墓室。沿着一条长长的墓道,就走到了地下墓室的两扇汉白玉石门前。现在想起来,那个被盗空的墓室非常大,差不多得有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">多平方米。石砌的墓室壁上也有文字,由于当时年龄太小,写的是什么,现在已记不清了。一直到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1966</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">文化大革命</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">时期,一拨儿红卫兵砸毁了地下墓室。后来大约是在上个世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代,某单位在这一带盖起了仓库和宿舍,牌坊石碑等就被一道院墙围在了里面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">由于这一带处于通惠河北岸的地势低洼处,所以自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代以后,一直往这里填土垫地。几十年间,随着填土垫地的增高,墓地原来地面的石人石马等也都埋到了地下。段先生说,除了这些,当年被砸毁的地面和地下的建筑残迹,相信还埋在地下。就是现在,如果你从八王坟的长途汽车站往南走,仍然依稀可以看到当年墓地的地面建筑遗留的残迹。段先生的话在前不久也得到了证实。前一段的施工过程中,确实从地下挖出了石马石碑等物,有关媒体也做了报道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">段先生还说,如果现在走进机械工程兵的大院,仍然可以看到一座牌坊。这是当年这块墓地唯一保留下来的一座较为完整的地面建筑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">经过段先生的指点,我终于在一连四次的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">造访</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">后,才在通惠河北岸,东郊批发市场卖瓜子摊位的后面,远远看到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">隐身</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在一片房屋和树木</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">怀抱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">中的古牌坊。按古牌坊后面蓝色屋顶房子的标记,约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">分钟后,我来到了现在已是道桥管理所的院内。只可惜,由于大片房屋的前后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">夹击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,我只拍到了背阴面横匾上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">金枝毓德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">几个大字。不难看出,这是一座</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">皇亲女辈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">坟墓的牌坊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一位住在附近的居民告诉我,他小时候听老人讲,这里有一座清朝公主的坟,牌坊上还刻有精美的雕花。虽历经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">300</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">多年的风雨,这座汉白玉石材的古牌坊却保存完好,似乎没有留下什么风蚀痕迹,不由引人感慨。一位热情的工人师傅还冒着危险登上房顶,帮我拍下了古牌坊朝阳一面的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">全照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,虽然只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">半身</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,却已是实属不易了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">据曹彦生著《高碑店话高碑》称:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">松公村有乾隆帝第四女和硕和嘉公主坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">,这与那位居民告诉我</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">这是清朝一位公主的坟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">是一致的。这样看来,这座依然保存完好的古牌坊,应该是乾隆皇帝第四女和硕和嘉公主坟的遗迹了。所以再说得准确些,在八王坟立交桥东南侧、通惠河的北岸,是二贝子坟与和硕和嘉公主坟的原址。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">八王坟立交桥东侧:八王坟村、松公坟村和熏皮厂村</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">差不多一年前,八王坟村刚刚完成了全村的拆迁。据段先生回忆说,八王坟立交桥的东侧,建国路北侧,即现在的长途汽车站西边,就是八王坟村。记忆中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代的八王坟村是一个不大的村子。在村边有一个近似小作坊的生产队的铁匠铺。和小伙伴玩耍时,最爱在铁匠铺旁看钉马掌。大约在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代,这个生产队的铁匠铺经过修整和扩大,变成了生产队的修配厂。要说印象最深的,还得说是八王坟村中的几间老式青砖瓦房。因为当时八王坟村除了不多的草房外,就是菜地和庄稼地,所以对这几间青砖瓦房,印象尤为深刻。小时候就听老人说,这是当年为看坟人家盖的房子。村里楚、英两姓人家均为满族,看来他们可能就是看坟人家的后代了。在大望路东侧现代城对面,就是松公坟村。去年底我去拍照古牌坊时,松公坟村已经开始拆迁。熏皮厂村和道桥管理所盖的一些房屋还没有拆迁,但大部房子都挺破旧,而且很多都租给了外地人居住。现在,八王坟村和松公坟村原来的地界已是一片热火朝天的施工工地。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2007</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">06</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">07</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日北京青年报</span></p>

老五在此 发表于 2007-6-7 13:01:00

我总觉得八王坟有遗迹。讷殷和构孳碑不应该丢失吧。建外北仪厂说有卧碑,一直未能成行去看。

油油 发表于 2007-6-7 14:13:00

师傅说有几棵老树.

斑马 发表于 2007-6-7 15:07:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>老五在此</i>在2007-6-7 13:01:25的发言:</b><br/>我总觉得八王坟有遗迹。讷殷和构孳碑不应该丢失吧。建外北仪厂说有卧碑,一直未能成行去看。</div><p>不排除深埋地下了,就像佛手的石像生.</p>

老五在此 发表于 2007-6-7 15:30:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>斑马</i>在2007-6-7 15:07:43的发言:</b><br/><p>不排除深埋地下了,就像佛手的石像生.</p></div><p>二碑在上世纪90年代还立着,恐怕不会是埋了。一是朝阳文物所运走了,二是卧倒在什么地方了。北仪厂的卧碑很值得怀疑。不过看LZ的文章现在估计也没了,成万达中心了哦……</p>

油油 发表于 2007-6-7 15:47:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>老五在此</i>在2007-6-7 15:30:32的发言:</b><br/><p>二碑在上世纪90年代还立着,恐怕不会是埋了。一是朝阳文物所运走了,二是卧倒在什么地方了。北仪厂的卧碑很值得怀疑。不过看LZ的文章现在估计也没了,成万达中心了哦……</p></div><p>我去过万达广场,没发现碑</p>

wbr0012 发表于 2007-6-7 18:01:00

<p>请教</p><p>卧碑是谁的碑?</p><p><font face="宋体">曹彦生所著《高碑店话高碑》,是什么内容?是一本书么?</font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-7 18:18:28编辑过]

老五在此 发表于 2007-6-7 21:48:00

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>wbr0012</i>在2007-6-7 18:01:33的发言:</b><br/><p>请教</p><p>卧碑是谁的碑?</p><p><font face="宋体">曹彦生所著《高碑店话高碑》,是什么内容?是一本书么?</font></p><br/></div><p></p>我指的是倒卧的碑,不是"卧碑".什么内容不知道,不是没去看么....
页: [1]
查看完整版本: [转帖]剽悍少谋英亲王:北京八王坟的历史与现实