趣谈老北京关帝庙
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">趣谈老北京关帝庙</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 老北京的庙宇道观繁多,这其中数关帝庙最多。据</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年《北平特别市寺庙登记》记载,供奉道教“伏魔大帝”也就是佛教“伽蓝菩萨”的关帝庙竟有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">267</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">座之多(见《北京寺庙历史资料》)。也就是说,老北京的寺庙中有百分之十六都是供奉关圣帝君的庙宇。可见,关羽在百姓心目中占有的地位是其他神祗所不可比拟的。老北京人的关帝信仰不但虔诚,而且还可以影射到全国乃至所有的炎黄子孙,他们对关帝的信仰是同样深厚的。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 众所周知,在道教神祗中,有先天之神与后天之神之分别。关帝就属于后天之神。然而,我国古代类似于关羽的忠臣勇将不下百余人,为什么单独关羽拥有如此多百姓的崇敬呢?这是由中国古代所特有的社会和历史造成的。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 汉寿亭侯关羽死后,就有家乡人在其故地湖北玉泉山立祠祭祀,其旧址为今天的名刹玉泉寺。到了唐代,关羽被封为壮缪侯,但在神系中的地位并不算高,属于“小”神。然而到了北宋,宋哲宗绍圣</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年赐玉泉祠额曰“显烈王”。宋徽宗崇宁元年追封“忠惠公”;大观</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年加封“武安王”;宣和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年敕封“义勇武安王”。可见,在崇宁道君皇帝赵佶之前,哲宗赵煦已经封了玉泉山的关羽祠,此为封赠之始。此后,到了元代,元文宗天历元年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月又一次加封汉将军关羽为“显灵义勇武安英济王</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。明朝的万历皇帝对关帝十分崇信,明万历</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">28</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年加封“协天护国忠义帝”,万历</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">42</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年加封“三界伏魔大帝神威远镇天尊关圣帝君”,最后一次将关羽提封为“帝君”,从此人们称关羽为“关帝</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 可见,到了明代,关羽已经被统治者包装得从一个蜀汉将军变成了忠义英勇的典范,而且成为了天上地下无所不能的伏魔大帝,关圣帝君。满清入关后,清朝实行对汉族的拉拢政策,并也将对关羽的封赠继续了下去:”顺治元年定祭关帝之礼。顺治</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年敕封“忠义武安神武关圣大帝”。乾隆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">24</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年加封关帝为“忠义神武灵佑关圣大帝”。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 关羽由神到人的过程就是帝王的封赠的过程,封赠在君权高于神权的中国古代是并不稀奇的。而帝王们封赠也是有一定政治目的的。因为关羽是一个集忠义英勇于一身的忠君报国的典范,而所谓的“忠”也正是帝王们教化万民忠君所需要的良好榜样。而对于普通百姓而言,关羽也确实是一个英勇和忠义的完美结合,他死后升天,也必定会恩泽万民,扶危救难(以先烈为神,这是中国人民最典型的信仰心态)。对于关羽的大封大赠也使与关羽有关系的人得到了封位:关羽妻被封为“九灵懿德武肃英皇后”,其子关平为“竭忠王”,关兴为“显忠王”,就连给关羽扛大刀的周仓也被封为“威灵惠勇公”;由此帝王对关羽的封赠的登峰造极程度可窥一斑。此外修建的关庙一律称武庙,与“大成至圣先师文宣王”孔子的文庙相对。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 北京作为明、清两代封建王朝的京都,旧时北京的关帝庙数量很多。当然这些关帝庙规模大都相对较小,随着时间的流逝也大都从人们的视线中消失了,这些已经消失的关帝庙中不乏有香火鼎盛、誉满九城的。老北京的已经消失了的著名关帝庙有:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 一、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">前门关帝庙</b>:此庙建于明永乐</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年,据传关圣曾显灵于明成祖朱棣远征漠北之时,故在正阳门瓮城内特建关帝庙一座。此庙的特色是其神像,此神像与其它处的红脸关帝像不同,是金面。传说是当年明世宗嘉靖皇帝在禁内供奉了金面关帝一尊,后来嫌神像太小,命人重制一尊供奉;但原有的金面神像因已受了百年香火,弃之恐有不吉,便赐给了前门关帝庙。在清代,皇帝往天坛祭天回来时,都要到该庙拈香,其名望可见一斑。该庙面积不大,仅七分二厘,但香火之旺可以说甲于京城,连东岳庙、白云观这样的大庙都难以望及,每日前往求签者络绎不绝。上世纪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代,该庙因修建地铁而拆除。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 二、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">倒座关帝庙</b>:该庙坐落于西单安福胡同,明万历年曾重修,面积一亩,房屋二十三间半。因其一反常规,庙门向北,故称倒座关帝庙,原山门有石额曰“古刹倒座关帝庙”,该庙现已无存。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 三、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">铁老鹳庙</b>:在宣武门外铁老鹳胡同(今铁鸟胡同),清光绪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">28</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日建。其殿顶置放用来驱赶鸟雀的铁雀二,可以随风摆动,故称铁老鹳庙。现已无存。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 四、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">姚斌关帝庙</b>:坐落于天坛东晓市,以塑像精美而著名,殿内关羽怒视姚斌,而姚斌则表现出不屈之像,其他塑像亦皆炯炯有神,可谓一组艺术水平较高的塑像。此庙庚子之乱(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1900</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年)时便已毁。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 在众多的关帝庙中,一些文物价值较高的关帝庙有幸保存了下来,比较著名的有:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> —、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">立马关帝庙</b>:位于海淀区蓝靛厂,建于清光绪年间,是大太监刘诚印的家庙(一说与大太监李莲英等同建),也就是老北京话中所说的“老公庙”(太监庙),专用来收留年老而无收入的老太监居住。因庙内塑有一匹健壮的枣红马而得名。该庙现在基本保存完整:戏台、山门、中殿及后殿皆为硬山顶,后殿即正殿,为绿色琉璃瓦覆顶,十分壮观。此外该庙还有配殿若干,西路尚存有一跨院,多为民房形制。这座庙的西配殿和西跨院为大太监们的“宝库”,里面堆满了他们巧取豪夺的不义之财。宝库的各个房间不得有窗户,每年正月初一的黎明,建庙的几位大太监们的嫡系太监便聚集到正殿祭拜武财神关公,然后不分老幼,只按辈分顺序鱼贯进入宝库,不点灯火,不论是一般物品还是无价古玩,摸着一件就走,叫做“摸造化”。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 二、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">白马关帝庙</b>:位于地安门西大街,始建于明洪武年间,名“汉寿亭侯庙”,因明英宗梦见关公乘白马而改此名。明成化</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1447</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年)重修,清雍正</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1727</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年)重修。庙坐北朝南,有山门、钟鼓楼、前殿及后殿。清乾隆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">33</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1768</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年)加封关帝为“忠义神武灵佑关圣大帝”,门、殿改为黄瓦。自民国逐渐衰败,现今已失原貌。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 三、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">双关帝庙</b>:位于西四北大街路西,坐西朝东,因供奉关羽、岳飞(民间传说为关羽转世)双关帝而得名。建立年代较早,现有元代泰定年间重修之碑,可断定元泰定以前即应有庙存在。该庙原有山门、钟鼓楼、正殿、南北配殿及后殿。现仅存山门及正殿,但格局尚未改动。山门为硬山式拱券门,上有匾曰“护国双关帝庙”;正殿面阔三间,单檐歇山顶,前出悬山抱厦,原供有关帝泥像及岳飞漆像,现已无存。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 四、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">万寿西宫</b>:位于宣武区盆儿胡同南口,建于明万历年间。该庙原名“护国关帝庙”,因其东原有正一玄教总廷敕建宏仁万寿宫,故称为“万寿西宫</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。该庙原有山门、关帝殿、吕祖殿及斗姆阁等建筑。解放后因斗姆阁年久失修而拆除,现存关帝及吕祖二殿,皆为硬山顶,关帝殿前有明神宗御制碑文。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 五、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">长辛店关帝庙</b>:位于丰台区古镇长辛店,建于清代,俗称“老爷庙”。现存戏台及正殿。戏台为卷棚顶歇山勾连搭硬山重楼,形制十分特殊,为京城内所不多见(因此传为晋商的会馆,是山西的地方形制亦未可知)。正殿硬山顶大脊,面阔三间,供奉关圣帝君。此庙为长辛店著名古庙之一(另有火神庙与娘娘宫),旧时进出京城的客商经过此处必焚香礼拜,乞求平安。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 六、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">雍和宫关帝殿</b>:原为雍和宫西跨院,后因拓宽雍和宫大街而拆除,其神像移奉宫内;现在大街路西尚存有原先的旧建筑若干。可见,关羽的信仰不仅在汉族地区,就连藏传佛教也奉其为神灵,甚至在遥远的西藏也有崇奉关羽的庙宇。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 此外,就是连驻扎在京西的八旗兵营里都建有供奉关羽的庙宇:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 一、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:阜成门外西郊一分署南营房内一百一十六号,建于清嘉庆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 二、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:西郊一分署南营房内十二号,建于清光绪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 三、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:西郊第一区北营房二百九十八号,建于清。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 四、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:西郊第五分署镶红旗营一号,建于清嘉庆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 五、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:西郊第五分署正黄旗营七十号,建于清道光</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 六、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:健锐营正白旗营九十七号,建于清乾隆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 七、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:西郊五分署镶白旗营八十号,建于清乾隆年。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 八、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:西郊五分署正红旗营四十二号,建于清道光</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 九、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">关帝庙</b>:健锐营正蓝旗营四十四号,建于清乾隆年。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="3"> 北京内城九个城门中八个城门建有关帝庙,每年的五月十三(一说为六月二十四)关帝诞辰,亦称单刀会、关公磨刀日。各地多在此时举行庙会。十里河关帝庙在广渠门外。每逢五月,自十一日起,开庙三日,梨园献戏,关羽已经成为多个行业的保护神,掌管行业:厨业、屠宰业、肉铺业、描金业、银钱业、军人、武师、皮箱业、皮革业、烟业、香烛业、绸缎业、成衣业、盐业、酱园业、豆腐业、糕点业、干果业、理发业、典当业、教育界等等。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 总之,老北京的关帝庙很多,关帝信仰在我国人民心目中是十分的深厚,而关羽,作为汉寿亭侯、原蜀汉大将军,其生前的勇敢不屈、坚贞爱国的美德使得人们景仰他,崇拜他。虽然解放后随着城市的发展,许多关帝庙已经被拆除</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">但许多关公的故事却一直在民间流传。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p> <p>顶!!!!!!!!!!!!!</p> 文章眼熟,是原创吗? 哈哈,斑马提问了,请发表文章的网友,注明原创或是转贴,如是转贴,最好写明出处,这也是对文章作者负责,也是为了给咱们网站减少麻烦. <p>注:此文章为斑马先生原创</p> 问一下,单独供奉关羽的可以叫他关帝,有没有和关羽一起供奉的神仙呀?他旁边要是还有别的神仙,是不是就不叫关帝了?
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