北京雕漆
<p>马上就要失传的工艺，北京雕漆厂改制后技术工人全都买断工令回家了，而真正掌握这门儿手艺的工艺美术师也就还剩下一、二个人了。今天发上几件珍品共享。</p><p>十四寸八仙过海盘</p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623331527119.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>局部：<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623335182855.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/20072262334341329.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623342497305.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623343412578.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623344521002.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> 六兽海纹盒<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623364532652.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623365582480.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/20072262337721720.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>站龙大食盒<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623385880041.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623391390574.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623395749312.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> 松鹰盘<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623433574109.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623435866690.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623441125955.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623443122300.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>龙盘<img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623452091474.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623454031997.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-2/200722623455869482.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> 哪个六兽海纹盒看着怎么那么麻应啊!!! <p>都是好东西呀!眼看着这么就失传了!心都碎了!</p> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 漆雕是我国与景泰蓝齐名的传统工艺，始于唐代，盛于明、清。北京漆雕早在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">世纪的明初，就扬名于世界。</font><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">技艺逐渐完美成熟，成为一种具有强烈地方特色的工艺美术品。明代，北京官办特色的工艺作坊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">果园厂</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所生产的雕漆器，就已达到很高的水平，造型庄重大方，雕刻技艺圆熟遒劲，形成了风格。到了清代，漆雕又有新的发展，纹样严谨细腻，极重刻工，雍容华贵，风格与明代不同。北京漆雕与湖南湘绣、江西景德镇瓷器并驾齐驱，名扬四海，被誉为“中国工艺美术三长”。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></font><p align="left"><font size="3"> 清光绪以后，全世界只有北京还在生产漆雕工艺品。然而，由于种种原因，这一国宝级工艺目前正面临失传的危险。其实不仅仅是漆雕面临困境，整个北京工艺美术行业目前形势都不容乐观。据北京工艺美术行业协会的统计，目前北京工艺美术尚能维持的仅有</font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个品种，已失传或者面临失传的达到了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">43</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个，包括我国在世界上久负盛名的玉器、牙器、景泰蓝、漆雕等等。好在漆雕等工艺美术品面临的危机已引起有关部门的重视，北京市法制办将出台由市经委等单位大力支持、参与制定的《北京市传统工艺美术保护办法》，</span></font><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将从资金、人才、政策等对现有北京传统工艺美术进行扶持。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个品种，已失传或者面临失传的达到了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">43</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个，包括我国在世界上久负盛名的玉器、牙器、景泰蓝、漆雕等等。好在漆雕等工艺美术品面临的危机已引起有关部门的重视，北京市法制办将出台由市经委等单位大力支持、参与制定的《北京市传统工艺美术保护办法》，</span></font><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将从资金、人才、政策等对现有北京传统工艺美术进行扶持。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font><p align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></font><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">漆雕主要工序为雕，主要原料为漆，故名为漆雕。北京漆雕有金属胎和非金属胎两种，前者是珐琅里，后者为漆里。着漆逐层涂积，涂一层，晾干后再涂一层，一日涂两层。涂层少者几十层，多者三五百层，然后以刀代笔，按照设计画稿，雕刻出山水、花卉、人物等浮雕纹样。所用之漆以朱红为主，黄、绿、黑等做底色，分为剔红</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">堆朱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、剔黄、剔绿、剔彩、剔犀等工艺品类。漆雕的工艺过程十分复杂，要经过制胎、烧蓝、作底、着漆、雕刻、磨光等十几道工序，各工序技艺要求都很高。早在明代，北京漆雕工艺就已达到很高的水平，造型庄重大方，雕刻技艺圆熟遒劲，形成了独特风格。到清代，漆雕又有新的发展，纹样严谨细腻，极重刻工，雍容华贵，风格与明代不同。</span></font></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></font> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">北京漆雕工艺过程十分复杂，要经过设计、制胎、涂漆、描样、雕刻、磨光等十几道工序，</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">各工序技艺要求都很高。其中雕刻是最主要的工序。雕刻的刀法，过去主要是平雕，现在大量的是浮雕、镂空雕、立体圆雕。漆雕的配色也很讲究，过去只有黑、红、黄、绿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">种颜色，现在发展到白、杏黄、茶红、粉红等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多种。每种作品也由过去的单一色彩发展到现在的多种套色。这些产品，都具有防潮、抗热、耐酸碱、不变形、不变质的特点，深受人们喜爱。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></font> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">漆雕品种有瓶、罐、盒、盘、茶具、烟具、酒具、挂屏、围屏、墙壁画、立体鸟兽、小件首饰等。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">近年来，北京漆雕又朝着</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">工艺美术日用化</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的方向发展，陆续创作出一批既有艺术价值，又有实用价值的新产品，如台灯、餐盘、仪器盒、电子钟表壳、漆雕桌面、漆雕绣墩、漆雕衣箱、漆雕柜等。</span></font></p></span> <img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-4/20074122062441253.gif" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> 失传了。我姥爷就是那里的。干到了退休 <p>现在所谓雕漆多是树脂注塑的</p> 还有北京金漆镶嵌工艺，也是老行当了 这下以后真成日本工艺特色了!叹!叹!叹!
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