人民大会堂十个月建成背后的故事
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂十个月建成背后的故事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 华文新魏;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂十个月建成背后的故事长城天安门广场西侧的人民大会堂,是中国最高权力机构——全国人民代表大会及其常设机构人大常务委员会所在地,也是国家和群众最重要的国家政务活动的场所,令世人瞩目。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">众所周知,五十年代时的十大建筑,可以说完全是以政治为背景所产生的结果。已故的著名建筑大师、人民大会堂总建筑师张铺先生曾回忆道:当时中国的“大跃进”之风已经鼓动起来,而中苏关系却趋于恶化,赫鲁晓夫在自夸其“土豆烧牛肉”式的共产主义同时,大肆攻击中国的大跃进搞糟了,“穷得没有裤子穿”。因此,当年中共中央在北戴河召开会议时,提出要在经济建设方面有所突破,要搞几项经典工程,向世界证实中国的新面貌及实力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月初,党中央决定在北京建十大建筑。人民大会堂是十大建筑中规模最大,内容最复杂,要求最高的建筑之一。建成后的人大会堂不仅将作为国内高层政治活动的中心,而且它还将成为国家领导人接见宴请各国贵宾的场所。为此,全国人民对它寄予很高的期望。希望它无论从内部功能布局,到外部建筑形象都既要能反映出我国社会制度的优越,又要能体现解放了的中国人民具有扭转乾坤,振兴祖国的英雄气概;既要反映</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年来建设事业的光辉成就,又要集中体现出数千年来中国文化的灿烂和艺术的辉煌。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">在建设人民大会堂之前,首先要决定工程的具体内容、建址、周围的环境规划和建筑物的规模、定额等等,经北京市政府研究提议和中央决定,将人民大会堂和另一座国庆工程中国革命历史博物馆选址建在天安门广场的东西两侧。这两座建筑建成之后与原有的天安门、正阳门东西南北各据一方,构成天安门广场的长远格局。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">我国是个拥有亿万人口的泱泱大国,因此需要根据发展规律来推算建筑物的规模大小。人民大会堂的主要内容最初提出要有一个万人礼堂和一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人宴会厅,之后又增加了常委会常驻人员的办公大楼,建筑面积从初步估计的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">70000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">平方米增至约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">160000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">平方米,其面积之庞大、功能之复杂、设备之众多、体量之厚重在世界建筑史上实属罕见,建成后的总面积将超出明清两代建成的故宫内全部建筑面积之总和。短期内要完成这样一个巨大的工程,实在是一桩不可思议的事。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂是全国各地专家集体智慧创作的结晶。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">同年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">日,北京副市长万里召集北京千名建筑工作者会议,做出关于国庆工程的动员报告。除了组织北京的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">34</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个设计单位外,还邀请了上海、南京、广州、辽宁等省市的数十名建筑专家共同商议方案创作,对工程先后提出了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">400</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">多个规划设计方案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂不同于一般大型公共建筑,它的性质、内容、条件、规模、工期等都因受城市发展规划及设计条件等因素的影响,所以一开始不可能提出正规的设计任务书。建人民大会堂必然关系到天安门广场的发展规划,又如设计内容中全国人代会会场的规模及举行国宴会厅大小等都要预计到将来的发展,并且无先例可循。在这种情况下,敬爱的周总理在百忙之中亲自领导和过问这一工程,他老人家运筹帷幄,胸有成竹,首先摒弃了国际上惯用的封闭式方案设计竞赛法和发包投标的施工方式。对方案设计创造性地采用了集中全国各地的建筑专家学者,以个人或小组为单位参加方案设计,分阶段限期交卷的方式。完成首轮设计后,在总理亲自主持下,大家一起讨论、分析、评比、相互学习、取长补短,在此基础上再进入第二轮创作,如此顺序的一轮轮进行。经过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">轮审议归纳、修改、提高,逐步集中之后,在内容、规模、定额以及平面布置立面效果总体规划上,均已达到了最理想的阶段并选出了最佳方案,最后由总理批准实施。这种在世界建筑界中绝无仅有的方案设计竞选是一种创造性的独特的方式,可以称之为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">半开放式的集体创作方案竞赛。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">全国各地的专家到京之后,于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">日开始工作,在创作过程中不断得到总理的鼓励与启发,总理首先要大家在设计时解放思想,破除迷信,大胆创新;在建筑艺术风格上应古今中外兼收并蓄,一切精华皆为我用,在整个设计过程中贯彻百家争鸣,百花齐放的双百方针,要大家集思广益,取长补短,精益求精,做到适用、经济、美观,使参加设计者人人心情舒畅,思路开阔,情绪高昂,无拘无束地发挥每个人的才智和技能,因此提出了许多优秀的设计方案,最后汇总选出一个最佳方案,仅用了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">35</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">天就胜利地完成了人民大会堂工程的第一战役。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">赫鲁晓夫不相信中国人十个月就建好了大会堂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">日,经北京市政府和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">中央评审,从中选定和批准了实施方案。人民大会堂进入正式设计,施工阶段时,问题成堆,千头万绪,错综复杂,而时间紧迫,不容反复,为此必须打破常规,创造出一种革新的设计施工方法才有可能在如此紧迫的期限内,完成这项史无前例的特殊工程。于是在周总理亲自顾问下,由北京市有关局院领导组成工程总指挥部,研究制定出一套创造性的“三边建设方法即:边设计、边供料、边施工的新方法,设计单位自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">日起,随着向工地交付第一批基础施工图,就开始陆续下驻现场,与工地密切配合,进行现场设计,制图,并与材料供应和施工做法相结合。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">当时遇到的最大困难是万人礼堂的空间处理问题,因为这个能同时容纳一万人的礼堂,空间实在庞大,单观众部分:深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">76m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">32.5m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">可以装进整个天安门城楼,如此高大的空间,如处理不当必然会直接影响到每个与会者的心理情绪,空间处理的好坏直接关系到设计的成败问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">因为一般建筑物的空间,大多是由顶棚,地面,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">面墙体</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个平面相交,形成一个有棱有角的长方形立方体空间,如果万人礼堂,也同样处理,人在如此高大的空间内必然会觉得单调乏味。试看西方传统的教堂建筑有意识地将礼拜堂做得高大,前面神坛又做得高耸尖挺,使信徒们参拜时一进教堂就心理上觉得自己十分渺小,而上帝则高高在上显得非常神圣高大,这是一种以物质为主。为此,万人礼堂决不能沿此惯例做成一个有棱角的长方形大空间。这个问题一时间困扰了我们,只得向周总理汇报告急,他老人家经过思索,吟了两句唐代诗人王勃的《滕王阁序》中的名句“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”。示意我们人在海阔天空的大自然怀抱中,非但不觉得自己渺小,反而觉得心旷神怡,悠然自得,如果将大礼堂的顶棚圆曲而下与墙体连成一体,如同水连天,天连水,水天一色,浑然一体的话,那么人在其中不是很自然地不会有渺小和单调的感觉了吗?总理的话让人茅塞顿开,最难解决的设计问题很快就迎刃而解了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月底,历时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">280</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">天全部主体工程胜利完成。工程进入内部装修阶段,这是涂脂抹粉的精细工程,也是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">画龙点睛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">的最后一道工序,可是当时从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月底到国庆节前全部竣工的期限已剩一个多月,只有创造奇迹,否则已绝无完成的可能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">工程施工主持人阮志大被召到工地指挥部开会,与工地主管、工程师和架子工、木工师傅们一起,专门研究如何突破难点。最后大家一致认为要完成如此艰难的任务唯有一条道路可走,就是集中兵力进行大兵团作战,在万人礼堂,整个空间内全面开花,各工种各就各位。同时展开操作,使之一气呵成。但难就难在吊顶棚时必须从地面起满搭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">余米高的满堂脚手架,这就势必占去地面,造成无法同时铺设双层地板和安装排列近一万套桌椅座席的局面。经过大家集思广益,研究讨论,提出了若干设想,最后采纳了工人师傅提出的从钢屋架上临空绑杉槁,创造性的形成悬空的吊挂脚手架,从建筑角度又提出需按照钢屋架的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">单距和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">节点间隔为绑扎下垂杉槁,当完成吊顶棚抽出杉槁后留下的圆孔,即可利用来安装灯具和通风口从建筑上采用精巧明亮的灯饰,将千百个施工孔填补,构成一个满天星的顶棚,星光灿烂,绚丽无比。按照这个方案实施,在一个巨大无比的圆弧空间内,墙、顶、地、舞台口、二层挑台八九个工作面同时施工,形成千军万马,气势豪壮,令人震奋的壮观场面,大家称之谓“圆弧大战”!这一战役终于在国庆节前胜利告捷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">无独有偶,这时五千人宴会厅也行告急,该厅南北长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">76m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,东西宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">102m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,顶棚最高处</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">15.15m</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,可整整吞下一个足球场。如此巨大的场地,按正规装修操作程序,顶棚与地面根本不可能同时进行,因为顶棚装饰与礼堂不同,没有满天灯饰,所以也不能采用悬挂脚手架的办法,在此紧急关头,施工与设计结合又创造出一种新颖的移动式脚手架。这是首先在一台带有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个轮子的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">平方米见方的平板车上,中央树起一根通天杉槁柱,然后从其根部如开放的雨伞那样向上绑扎若干根散开的杉槁,上面再装上一层大于平板车几倍的脚手板,形成一辆辆可移动的脚手架。随着车的移动,上可安装平顶灯饰,绘制沥粉彩画,下可同时铺装地板,互不干扰,巧夺天工,多快好省地完成了如此繁重的任务。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">建成后的人民大会堂气势宏伟,庄严壮丽,它对面新建的革命历史博物馆及其左侧的天安门和右侧的正阳门,在布局规划上四面各据一方,构成一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">×900</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">余米举世闻名的雄伟、肃穆、开阔、明朗的天安门广场,广场中央偏南矗立着雄伟的人民英雄纪念碑。这一组建筑群在不到一年期间即神话般地展现在全世界人民面前,如此巨大的成就,使全世界为之震惊信服,敬佩和赞美,人们惊叹着这人间奇迹,但也仍有少数怀有敌意的人抱着偏见,轻视甚至不相信我们的成就。前苏联领导人赫鲁晓夫就是一个代表人物。当人民大会堂刚刚建成,他就迫不及待地与驻北京苏联大使馆联系,询问是否属实,当听到使馆人员答复:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">我们都是亲眼目睹工程天天节节上升,拔地而起,现在已巍然屹立在天安门广场上了,他仍然半信半疑,不以为然,第二年他来北京访问,亲临现场之后,在事实面前才默默无言了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">万人礼堂和五千人宴会厅在当时世界上尚无先例。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂整个工程全部采用了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">我国自产自制的国货,贯彻了自力更生的国策方针。整个工程共绘制了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3600</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">余张正式施工图纸,若计入方案草图、透视渲染效果图、初步设计和技术设计图、竣工图等就可达数万张了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂占地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">公顷,总建筑面积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">171800</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">平方米,比故宫全部建筑面积还要大。建筑的平面为山字形,中心部分高度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">46.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米。整个建筑周围有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">134</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">根廊柱,向东的十二根浅灰色大理石门柱高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个人手牵手才能环抱过来。屋檐是黄绿相间的琉璃瓦,正门顶上镶嵌着金光闪闪的国徽,直径达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米。工程采用现浇钢筋混凝土框架和钢层架结构,中部是万人大礼堂,北部是五千人的宴会厅,南部是全国人大常委会办公楼,中央大厅将三部分连接成一个整体。南北长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">336</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米东西宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">206</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,中央部分为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">层,高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">46.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,南北两翼为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">层,高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">31</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">37</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米。人民大会堂内设置的万人礼堂和五千人宴会厅,在当时世界上尚无如此规模的先例。位于北部的宴会厅,是接待世界各国贵宾和友人的国宴活动场所。宴会厅顶面和回廊有彩画藻井,将大厅装扮得格外富丽堂皇。它东西长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">102</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,南北宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,面积相当于一个国际标准的足球场地。在这里可同时举行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人座席的宴会或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人的酒会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">中部的万人大礼堂,是全国人民代表大会的主会场。会场宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">76</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,纵深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">32</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,分上、中、下三层,可容纳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人同时在此开会。屋顶钢梁重达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">多吨,如此大空间、大承重,竟未用一根柱子,令人称奇。万人大会堂弯隆形的顶篷,中心有红宝石般的五星灯,周围辐射出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">道光芒线和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个葵花瓣,纵横密布着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个满天星灯,灯光齐明时,似满天星斗,和淡青色的壁板相映,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">水天一色的灯火奇观便显现出来,煞是壮观奇妙。在会场内除了有声、光、电、空气调节等装置外,还设有各种现代化设备,如同声翻译</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">种语言的装置;暗装的建筑物中的转播电视的设备和灯光等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">笼式避雷网更是给大会堂罩上了一个巨大的罩子。使其免受雷击之灾,此项设计当时比国外同行在理论上的研究提前了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">专家茅以升为“万人礼堂”起名为“人民大会堂”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年初秋,首都人民大会堂巍然屹立在天安门广场。当时人民大会堂称“万人礼堂”。敬爱的周总理带领茅以升等专家视察这座壮丽的大厦时,对大家说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">咱们给万人礼堂起个什么名字好呢?大家都说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">请总理起个名字吧。周总理亲切地回答:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">还是大家起名好,集思广益嘛!然后他发给每人一张白纸。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">茅以升斟酌良久,在纸上写了“人民大会堂”几个字,周总理看后兴奋地说:“人民大会堂,这个名字起得好!就这样万人礼堂被起名为“人民大会堂”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">后来周恩来总理在建国国庆十周年时,对这项建设给予了高度评价:“北京的人民大会堂这样大的建筑只用了十个多月的时间就建成。它的精美程度,不但远远超过我国原有同类建筑的水平,在世界上也是属于第一流的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人民大会堂落成后迎接的第一个重大活动是国庆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">周年晚会。当时晚会首演式非同寻常,它要展示的是新中国短短十年所取得的伟大成就,以及中国人民昂扬的风貌,因而集中了当时有时代精神的一批优秀节目,其中有李德伦指挥的大型交响乐团,有李志民上将指挥的《将军大合唱》,有著名演员李少春领衔主演的京剧《大闹天宫》,有民族舞剧《宝莲灯》以及著名歌唱家郭兰英的独唱等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">鲜为人知的是,这场晚会的艺术总监是由周恩来总理担任。在大会堂排练过程中,来自不同单位上千人的演员和工作人员,在周总理指挥下,井然有序、恪尽职守。特别是参加《将军大合唱》的一百多位身经百战的将军,在排练时像战士一样服从命令听指挥。他们把排练当作政治任务,一丝不苟,周总理对他们普通一兵的本色大加赞扬。那场演出非常成功,毛泽东主席还邀请许多友好国家的领导人一起观看,反响强烈。由中国人自行设计,仅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">个月就竣工的人民大会堂是中国建筑史上的一大创举。以后的历届全国人民代表大会和全国政协会议、以及重要的国事访问都在这里进行,几乎每时每刻,北京人民大会堂都成为无数镜头的焦点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">月,在人民大会堂东门悬挂了近半个世纪的木制国徽,完成它的历史使命,一个全新的钢结构国徽将取而代之,新的钢结构国徽,外面是全铜板,不会被腐蚀生锈掉漆。新国徽与木制国徽等大,最大处直径为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6.3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">米,重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">吨多。新国徽表面部分贴的是金箔,红色部分用的是汽车漆。这也是人民大会堂首次更换国徽。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p> <font color="#ff0000" size="5">在如此短的时间里建成这么大的一项工程,如此高质量,在那个特殊的年代里真是奇迹,就是在现在恐怕也不会再有第2个了。</font> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>胡同童年</i>在2007-2-22 11:11:46的发言:</b><br/><font color="#ff0000" size="5">在如此短的时间里建成这么大的一项工程,如此高质量,在那个特殊的年代里真是奇迹,就是在现在恐怕也不会再有第2个了。</font></div><p></p>我们可以创造另一个奇迹,我们现在可以十天建成一个大会堂,但让它在十天后倒掉. <font face="楷体_GB2312" size="7"><strong>例如世纪坛,国家大剧院,永定门城楼,东方广场,尤其平安大街,两广大街,给我十天全部拆毁,保证完成任务</strong></font> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>超级笨笨</i>在2007-2-22 21:40:07的发言:</b><br/><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="7"><strong>例如世纪坛,国家大剧院,永定门城楼,东方广场,尤其平安大街,两广大街,给我十天全部拆毁,保证完成任务</strong></font></div><p></p>就你一人肯定完不成!加上我,另外咱商量商量留一个永定门城楼成吗虽说是新的吧但最起码也还有个中国样呀,最该拆的就是世纪坛,国家大巨院,东方广场!!! 不用十天,三天就行,雇俩机械队上六个凿掘机,要是定向爆破,5分钟齐活。 在永定门城楼下放500个大号液化气罐一点火---完成任务。
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