清东陵的金莲水草天花
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">摘自《中国紫禁城学会论文集》第一辑于善浦老师的“北京明清故宫的金莲水草天花”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">紫禁城是明清两朝皇宫,各殿堂内所存天花,大多为明清时期的遗物。这些天花分为井口天花与软天花两种形式。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">井口天花是用木条做成纵横相交的枝条,将整个天棚分割成井字形的许许多多的小方块,再每个枝条方块里,留有口子,亦称裁口,上面覆盖着称作“承尘”的木板,也叫做天花板。这种形式的天花,被称为井口天花;软天花另是一种样子,先用木格篦子做骨架,再满糊麻布和纸,然后在纸上画出井口枝条和各式各样的彩画,故而把这种在平面天棚上绘制的天花称作软天花。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在井口天花或软天花上,绘有各种纹饰,有代表皇权,显示帝王至高无上地位的龙凤图案,大多用于紫禁城内主要殿堂;而后妃居住的东西六宫或亭、台、楼、阁中,其天花则满布着浓厚生活情趣的花卉和祥禽图案。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">紫禁城内外,尚有几处神圣庄重的楼阁殿堂,如:神武门、文渊阁、天安门左侧的太庙,还有清代帝王的陵墓清东陵、清西陵,都装有别具一格的金莲水草天花。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清东陵、清西陵是清代帝王的陵墓,虽然远离紫禁城,又与紫禁城的关系格外密切。清朝帝王主张“以孝治天下”,各座祖陵都建造得与紫禁城同样辉煌。(个人认为陵墓是皇帝在位时为自己修的,而不是为父辈死后修建)。在各陵的神功圣德碑亭、神道碑亭、隆恩殿、明楼以及后、妃陵园,有几十座殿堂内的井口天花,也都装饰着金莲水草纹饰。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清东陵、清西陵各殿堂之金莲水草天花,尽管时代早晚有差,尺寸大小有别,色彩浓淡不一,其纹饰及布局却基本相同,其中顺治孝陵井口天花的金莲水草天花很有代表性。天花中心圆光为青色作地,沥粉贴金三朵含苞欲放的莲花,周围布满淡绿色的水草。方光为淡青色,岔角处为红、绿、青三色如意云。方光、圆光外,均有沥粉贴金宽边。方光外大边绿色。相传三朵金莲寓有“三皇治世”之意。在天花枝条交叉部位,中心沥粉贴金莲瓣毂轳,四周边框绘彩色燕尾。孝陵金莲水草天花成为清代陵寝的定制,一直延续到清朝末年,已成为陵寝中用处最广,具有代表性的天花</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">金莲水草天花,在起更报时的神武门城楼上用;在藏书、经筵之文渊阁内用;在祭奠祖先的太庙里用,更为广泛的运用金莲水草天花的则是清代的皇陵。金莲水草天花为明代彩画模式,尽管清代皇陵广为利用,仍不失其原有风格。近几年在维修工程中,进一步证实了这一点。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1991</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年维修清东陵孝陵隆恩殿,在拆卸天花板时,发现其背面两穿带之间,有刀刻的文字,仅明间拆下零零散散的天花板中,就有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">块字迹清楚,都刻有“清馥殿”字样。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1992</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年在维修孝陵神道碑亭时,又发现</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">块刻有“锦芳亭”字样的天花板。这些天花板正面,都绘有金莲水草纹饰。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">翻阅史料,清馥殿建于明嘉靖十年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1531</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年),次年三月在清馥殿前建丹磬门和锦芳、翠芬二亭。嘉靖帝于西苑设帝社、帝稷,“又建清馥殿为行香之所”清馥殿位于“金海石桥之北,河之西岸向南”。嘉靖帝帅群臣同游清馥殿,在那里赐茗、赐酒,赏物吟诗。权臣严嵩,曾写下了《赐游清馥殿诗》:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 十里宜春苑,金堤覆绿杨。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 水涵瑶殿碧,花簇锦亭芳。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 驰道通长乐,离宫接建章。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 微臣一何幸,留赏沐恩光。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">明朝隆庆帝朱载垕即位后,未历数载,西苑许多殿堂唯存颓垣残础而已。至神宗万历帝即位后,西苑许多宫殿已无迹可查了。“唯清馥殿则整丽如故,外门曰仙芳、曰丹磬,内亭曰锦芳,曰翠芬。流泉石梁颇具优雅,且松柏列植,蒙密蔽空,又百卉罗植于庭,开花时今上亦时一游幸。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从孝陵拆下的金莲水草天花板背面的刻字中,不仅含有清馥殿的殿名,还有明间、次间、稍间、三稍间、龙井等部位名称,又都刻着“字朝东”,不难看出清馥殿是一座有藻井,面朝东的九间大殿。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清初,顺治皇帝死于天花,生前又未曾建陵,为急修山陵,材料又短缺,工期更紧迫,故而将明代西苑内清馥殿、锦芳亭这组宫殿拆除,以应孝陵工程之急需。不仅将金丝楠木的梁枋以大改小充用,就连天花板都原样拆装在殿堂内。康熙五年(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1666</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年),在西苑清馥殿的旧址上,又建了一座宏大的弘仁寺,并从西郊迎<font color="#ff0000">“-”</font>檀佛像供奉其中。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清代宫廷中所用的金莲水草天花,原为明代明代宫廷纹饰。顺治孝陵拆用了嘉靖年间建造的清馥殿原件。后来,在宫中和陵寝使用金莲水草天花纹饰一直延续至光绪崇陵,其间</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">250</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多年,始终保留原有金莲水草天花格调。清代宫殿中最高等级的天花属龙凤天花,而金莲水草天花使用的广泛,其使用殿堂的重要,在明清众多天花中应列为第二位。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以下个人观点和对文章词汇的解释说明,难免片面,请多讨论。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">注:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、金莲水草中的莲花不一定就是“贴金莲花”,也可以“颜色的”莲花。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、文中“清东陵、清西陵是清代帝王的陵墓,虽然远离紫禁城,又与紫禁城的关系格外密切。清朝帝王主张“以孝治天下”,各座祖陵都建造得与紫禁城同样辉煌。”――――个人认为陵墓多数是皇帝在位时为自己修的,而不是子辈为父辈死后修建。只有历代都维修保护才是“孝”的体现。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、文中的“青色作地”。――――其中“青色”在古建中指的是“蓝色”。“作地”指的是“底层颜色”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、文中提到“周围布满淡绿色的水草”“方光外大边绿色”,――――其中说的“绿色”就是“胡兄”给的这张近一两年新修新作的现代版“金莲水草天花”看上去像是浅蓝的地方颜色。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、文章中提到“后来,在宫中和陵寝使用金莲水草天花纹饰一直延续至光绪崇陵,其间</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">250</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多年,始终保留原有金莲水草天花格调。”――――清代纹饰以及布局已和明代有不小差别。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、文中提到“清代宫殿中最高等级的天花属龙凤天花,而金莲水草天花使用的广泛,其使用殿堂的重要,在明清众多天花中应列为第二位”――――这个我觉得地位说得有点过了。金莲水草天花在故宫内并不是特别特别多见,主要在四个城门内。所提到的“龙凤天花”是都包括了“坐(正)龙天花”、“升降龙天花”、“龙凤天花”等有龙凤图案的天花总称呢,还是只表示“龙凤天花”这的一种呢?如果是的一种意思的话,把“列为第二位”改为“列为第二类”更合适一些。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">下图是“童年”给我发的景陵天花,估计新修没多长时间,“绿”色完全没有按原迹作啊!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span> </p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-1/20071292102899645.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/> <p>没仔细看啊,刚去的东陵</p><p></p>[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-29 22:06:14编辑过] 这张片是景陵隆恩殿天花的,裕陵大殿天花也是这样的。 学习。谢了。 太长了吧! 很想看原色的金莲水草天花 <p>可以看北京太庙内檐、北京故宫奉先殿工字廊及后殿内檐、清给你看一张西陵泰陵内檐、沈阳故宫太庙内檐等等</p><p>给你看一张西陵的</p><p> </p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2008-1/20081418321288358.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /><br/>
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