[求助]
<p>请教屈老师：</p><p> 请您给讲讲老北京“在理儿”的人，“在理儿”的规矩，“理”是什么教吗？</p> <p>同学的回答：</p><p>“在理儿”说的是入了道理门儿的人家，这是一种戒烟戒酒的民间组织，有其自己的管理机构，类似于宗教，但是否有自己具体的崇拜对象，不是很清楚。入了道理门儿之后，不仅自己禁忌烟酒，对婚姻对象也作同等要求。</p> 好像还不是这么简单，请您再给讲一讲他的起源、规矩内容、组织结构、除了约束烟酒之外还对做人有什么要求。日常生活有什么形式上的功课。 <p> 呵呵，睡不着了，跟评书迷找了找资料。 </p><p> 理教又称“在理教”、“理门”、“白衣道”，传至民国时代，与明清时期相比，最显著的变化是其可双公开传教而不被禁止。</p><p> 一九三三的，中华全民理教联合会成立，成为全国理教的最高领导机构。他布在上海、北京、河北、江苏、安徽、河南、江西、山东、东北三省的理教公所会曾达三千个以上，男女信徒即“大众”、“二众”达几十万人。</p><p> 民国时代的理教教义主要有以下内容：</p><p> 三教归一，只以拜观音、羊来如和尹岩生两位教祖，不供奉其他偶像；“八戒”，即戒杀、戒贪、戒淫、戒妄、戒恶、孝顺、和睦、行善；默念“观世音菩萨”五字“真言”，求福免灾。但是却不能提，即所谓“观世音菩萨”五字真经，若欲称此五字时，可用“老佛爷”三字来替代。</p><p>民国时期，理门儿的规矩大概如此：</p><p> 公所。一般有两间或两间以上的房屋，前堂供观音，后堂供羊祖、尹祖。每月的初一和十五，教徒秘须到堂中焚香礼拜。</p><p> 摆斋。在理教的节日如夏历腊月初八举行的宗教仪式，不仅要烧香叩头，还要当众宣讲各种教义。</p><p> 此外，还有“点理”（收新教徒的仪式）和“放法”（选新教主的仪式）等。<br/></p>[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-21 2:44:23编辑过] <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">楼主您好</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">就我所知道的介绍如下<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 中国最早的民间禁毒组织——理门</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 理门是一个产生于清朝初期的，于清朝中后期兴盛起来的，带有民间宗教色彩的，以禁戒烟酒、鸦片为主要特色的民间慈善组织。曾盛行于大江南北，过去曾有“南洪门，北理门”之说。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">
<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 理门的创始人叫羊来如。羊来如是明末清初的民间传奇人物，本姓杨，名泽，字廷贤，山东即墨县人。史书记载，崇祯十六年，杨泽二十二岁时，中癸未科进士。未及殿试，李自成攻陷北京。当时杨泽正在其朋友吏部考功司员外郎许直家中。杨泽忠于明朝，得知崇祯死讯后欲殉国。许直劝其“君未仕，尚可全孝，宜归里奉母，以策后图。”次日早晨，杨泽发现许直已自缢身亡，乃遵许直所嘱，挥泪回乡。杨泽回乡孝奉其母终老，后又守墓三年。此时清朝已定鼎中华，征诏明朝遗老。杨泽为避征诏，改姓羊，名宰，后取号来如，隐居于蓟州岐山澜水洞，参禅打坐，研究理学，闭关四十九年。后来羊来如心有所得，创立了一套以儒家忠孝思想为主，综合了佛、道两家的思想，后来系统化，称为“在理”，也叫理门。由于羊来如极其反对烟酒，禁戒烟酒便成为了理门的最主要特色。康熙四十年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">(1702</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">，羊来如八十一岁时下山传道，从正定到东安（今河北省廊坊市安次），历时五载，跋涉千里，度化八处，择孝子义士，传弟子十五人，史称“羊祖八度”。其中第五度在天津，第六度在杨柳青。羊来如八度后回岐山继续隐居，在岐山收有十大坐山弟子。毛来迟就是第十位。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">
<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 乾隆十八年六月二十四日，羊来如去世，时年一百三十三岁。传说，他去世时，异香满洞，天现异彩，钟鼓声齐鸣，空中琴音奏响一时之久，满天白云三日不散，鸟兽悲鸣数日而去。至今蓟县一带还有关于羊来如的种种传说，岐山仍有澜水洞遗迹留存。但是羊来如所创的理门却在民间流传日盛。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 理门发源地——蓟县岐山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 羊来如隐居地——蓟县岐山澜水洞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 世界现存最早的理门公所遗迹——正安堂老公所遗迹（始建于乾隆三十二年，也是理门六方派的发源地）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">建议楼主找下面的书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">里面介绍的十分详细</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">《中国帮会史》</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">团结出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">作者：刘联柯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">《袍哥</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">理门</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一贯道》团结出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">2006</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年版</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">: </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">赵宏</span></p> <p>二位真是博学多才，并可称得上是古道热肠、诲人不倦。</p><p>老北京的事，很多是从老舍、邓友梅的小说中知道的，自以为懂了一些，现在看来不过是一鳞半爪，真是学海无涯啊！</p><p>感谢两位老师的赐教！</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-22 10:50:21编辑过] 嘿!这个组织不错啊! <p>过去老北京像这样的组织有很多,后来"在理儿"也不只是一个单一的禁戒烟酒的组织了,还有什么"捡纸门"——（民间环保组织）等这样的民间组织！但是这些组织都是依附于宗教的组织，在庙会或者大型的宗教活动场所进行活动！所以老北京话“在理儿”到后来就变为所有民间自发宗教组织的统称了！</p> 从《在理儿》说开去！好呀！希望引申为更深、更广、的诸多内容，这样的论坛才有意思。 真博学
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