清代官式旋子彩画简介（一）
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 旋子彩画俗称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">学子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蜈蚣圈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，等级仅次于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">合</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">玺彩画，其最大的特点是在<font face="Arial">藻头</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">内使用了带卷涡纹的花瓣，即所谓旋子。旋子彩画最早出现于元代，明初即基本定型，清代进一步程式化，是明清官式建筑中运用最为广泛的彩画类型。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">旋子彩画在每个构件上的画面均划分为方心</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、藻头和<font face="Arial">箍头</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三段。这种构图方式早在五代时虎丘云岩寺塔的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><a title="词条" href="javascript:openlemmawin("><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">阑额</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彩画中就已存在，宋《营造法式》</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彩画作制度中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">“角叶</font><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的做法更进一步促成了明清彩画三段式构图的产生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清代旋子花纹和色彩的使用逐渐趋于统一，图案更为抽象化、规格化，形成以弧形切线为基本线条组成的有规律的几何图形。枋心通常占整个构件长度的三分之一，枋心头改作圆弧状，枋心多绘有各种图案：绘龙锦的称龙锦枋心；绘锦纹花卉的称花锦枋心；青绿底色上仅绘一道墨线的称一字枋心；只刷青绿底色的称空枋心。藻头中心绘出花心（旋眼），旋眼环以旋状花瓣二至三层，由外向内依次称为头路瓣、二路瓣、三路瓣。旋花基本单位为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一整二破</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（即一个整团旋花，两个半团旋花），视梁枋构件的长短宽窄组合，又有勾丝咬</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、一整二破加一路、加两路、加金道冠、加喜相逢等多种形式。岔口线和皮条线由明代的连贯曲线改为斜直线条。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">旋子彩画按用金多寡及颜色的不同可分为浑金旋子彩绘</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">金琢墨石碾玉、烟琢墨石碾玉、金线大点金、墨线大点金、金线小点金、墨线小点金、<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">雅五墨、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">雄黄玉等几种</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 注：藻头即找头。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">下面介绍墨线大点金的各部位名称举例。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">金线大点金：名称都一样，只是示图中“大线墨线”为“大线金线”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 3.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p> <p></p><p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-1/200711220593840481.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /></p><p><img src="http://img.obj.cc/forum/dvbbs/2007-1/2007112210192034.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" /></p><p>说明：图中个别名称在各种书籍中名称标注杂乱，没有统一。<br/></p><p></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为啥改完了文字中还是有乱码？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #360101;"><br/></span></p><p></p>[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-12 21:12:21编辑过] <p>长学问的帖子,支持</p><p>图片有点小，不过单开窗口看还是很清楚的</p> 收藏了，网上图片太小，收藏后慢慢学习！要继续呦！形成系列，都放一贴子里，我会不时来看的。 <p>学习了，谢谢河豚毒老弟。</p><p>确实是很多书上标的一是不清楚，二是比较乱。</p> 别客气，有些书上错误不少，尤其是图片小样，经常不按照人家原来构件上彩画的特点作，有点让人看了胡涂的感觉。明明是康熙的东西，楞给画成乾隆的样子 那下期就重点介绍康熙和乾隆时期彩画的区别吧。嘿嘿！好象有点早了，我们连基本的还不会呢，还没学走就想跑了，贪心不足呀！还是按楼主的教学进度吧，我们慢慢学，学扎实了。 <p>正五品的官员学这个有点难度阿，可以从建筑结构开讲，做一个专题，有目有章，大家将受益匪浅</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-13 23:46:23编辑过] 真好。希望各位专家高手们多多发这种普及文章 谢谢楼主了，前一阵子从您那学的“升龙”、“降龙”、“坐龙”昨天就派上用场了，去普渡寺了。 <p>恩，对于不搞设计的人，从外观第一眼看到的就是彩绘的华丽，了解一点还是挺好的</p>
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